Plutonium Biokinetics in Human Body A. Luciani - Kit-Bibliothek - FZK

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modified version (ICRP67-a) (i.e. without the transfer of activity from ST0 soft tissue compartment to urinary bladder). The improvement of the long term urinary excretion of Plutonium by adopting the modification of the skeleton from Polig’s studies with age depending remodelling rates is shown in Table 3.1.8. The values of the F target function based on the previous models are also presented. Table 3.1.8 Values of the F target function for the long term (t > 200 d) urinary excretion using original and modified versions of ICRP 67 model. Model 106 F value For t > 200 d ICRP67 14 ICRP67-a 394 ICRP67-a-Polig 56 ICRP67-a-Polig-ST0 56 Model-a 53 Model-b 5 As discussed on the basis of Figure 3.1.8, for the previous finale stage of revisions it was not necessary to repeat the optimization of the transfer rates of the urinary pathway that provided a good agreement with the reference data set at short time. Introducing new liver transfer rates and age dependent skeletal remodelling rates had no significant influence on the urinary excretion at early times and Model-b yielded practically the same values than Modela. The urinary excretion in Figure 3.1.16 was calculated for a subject who is 45 years old at the time of injection, the age of subject HP-6 in the reference data set for whom we have data at long times. With the current assumptions of Model-b the estimated urinary excretion of Plutonium is now higher than the predictions of Model-a. From day 200 to around 10,000 the model shows sufficient agreement with Khokhryakov’s excretion curve. The deviations never exceed 30%. At day 10,000 Model-b estimates a urine excretion of 0.0012%/d -1, very close to the experimental value. Therefore the modifications applied to the ICRP 67 model seem to compensate very well for the underestimation of urinary excretion caused by removing the connection between soft tissue and urinary bladder (ICRP67-a). The Model-b prediction for the skeleton-liver partitioning was also calculated (0.615) and is in good agreement with the published values [158, 159, 160, 161]. Model-b was derived with the primary goal to achieve the best estimates of urinary excretion, but estimates for fecal excretion and plutonium activity in blood were also taken into account in the optimization procedures. The calculated excretion rate in feces and the percentage of Plutonium in blood are presented in Figure 3.1.17 and Figure 3.1.18, respectively, together with the estimates from ICRP 67, its modified versions and the reference data set. The fecal excretion of Model-b is closer to the experimental data than ICRP 67. Model-b underestimates the measurements by less than 40 %, while ICRP 67 by 80 % or more. Furthermore the fecal excretion of the model has almost the same trend as the experimental data, even at short time (up to 7 days post injection) when it is characterized by an initial increase followed by a sharp decrease. The overall good performance of Model-b with regard to fecal excretion is confirmed by the values of the F target function calculated on
the basis of all the reference data set (Table 3.1.9): the F value is about 10% of the value calculated for the ICRP67 model. A similarly good agreement of Model-b predictions with the blood activity content was observed (Figure 3.1.18), and it is quantified in the third column of Table 3.1.9. The final transfer rates adopted for Model-b are presented in Table 3.1.10. For those parameters that are unchanged from previous versions the sources are named. Table 3.1.9 Values of the F target function using original and modified versions of ICRP 67 model. Percentage daily urinary excretion [%d -1 ] 1E+0 1E-1 1E-2 1E-3 1E-4 Model 107 F value feces blood ICRP67 241 3068 ICRP67-a 226 1286 Model-b 22 10 experimental data Khokhryakov (1994) ICRP67 ICRP67-a Model-b 1 10 100 1000 10000 100000 Days post injection Figure 3.1.16 Reference data set and ICRP 67 original and modified versions predictions for percentage daily urinary excretion of Plutonium.
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Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe in der
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Für diesen Bericht behalten wir un
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i ABSTRACT The biokinetic model pre
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ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Das von der Interna
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1 INDEX OF CONTENTS INDEX OF SYMBOL
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3 INDEX OF SYMBOLS Here a short glo
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Chapter 1 Introduction 5
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the duties of the Department for Ra
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adionuclide. Therefore only isotope
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stabilise the +4 oxidation state [1
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techniques adopted in the early pha
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present in spent and MOX reactor fu
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INTRAVENOUS INJECTION skin WOUND bl
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functions, defined as retained and
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the contamination event, of such as
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Table 1.3.2 Indicative 239 Pu detec
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The kinetics of Plutonium in the ki
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1.4.2 COMMENTS ON THE ICRP 67 MODEL
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Chapter 2 Data and measurements 31
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Therefore the radiolysis process, m
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Recent technologic developments in
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eu(t) = 0.19e −0.272t + 0.023e
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function for each of the considered
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the minimum detectable activity of
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2.2.2 AVAILABLE MEASUREMENTS Immedi
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Table 2.2.4 Daily fecal excretion o
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elements the spectral distribution
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The phoswich detector is based on t
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HPGe crystals are produced in cylin
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This quantity is normally expressed
Page 66 and 67: The peak is located in the region B
Page 68 and 69: To introduce the second quantity, t
Page 70 and 71: 117 cm 3 h -1 for the incoming and
Page 72 and 73: Figure 2.3.8 The Lawrence Livermore
Page 74 and 75: three detectors are used. Two detec
Page 76 and 77: Table 2.3.4 Efficiency factors of p
Page 78 and 79: • the necessity of performing mea
Page 80 and 81: Table 2.3.7 Impulses in the measure
Page 82 and 83: 2.4 ACTIVITY MEASUREMENTS IN BIOASS
Page 84 and 85: If more then one radionuclide is ma
Page 86 and 87: L A is the air layer in µgcm -2 ;
Page 88 and 89: The electrodeposition cell used for
Page 90 and 91: Table 2.4.1 238 Pu, 239 Pu and 241
Page 93 and 94: 3.1.1 MATHEMATICAL TOOLS 3.1.1.1 So
Page 95 and 96: calculating the amount of Plutonium
Page 97 and 98: 3.1.2 ANALYSIS OF THE ICRP 67 MODEL
Page 99 and 100: empirical curves given by Langham,
Page 101 and 102: the worst performance of the group.
Page 103 and 104: leave the total clearance from the
Page 105 and 106: Figure 3.1.4 shows that the use of
Page 107 and 108: 3.1.3 MODIFICATION OF ICRP 67 MODEL
Page 109 and 110: The structure of Polig’s skeleton
Page 111 and 112: Percentage daily urinary excretion
Page 113 and 114: of 0.693d -1 . The values of the F
Page 115: Percentage daily urinary excretion
Page 119 and 120: Table 3.1.10 Transfer rates of the
Page 121 and 122: 3.1.4 VERIFICATION OF THE OPTIMIZED
Page 123 and 124: Table 3.1.13 Intakes and percentage
Page 125 and 126: soft tissue ST2 soft tissue ST0 sof
Page 127 and 128: For the routine application of Mode
Page 129 and 130: excreted by individuals aged sixty
Page 131 and 132: Table 3.1.20 Exponents and coeffici
Page 133 and 134: tract [57] to consider a contaminat
Page 135 and 136: The sensitivity coefficients for th
Page 137 and 138: Sensitivity coefficients S i Figure
Page 139 and 140: transfer rates on the Plutonium uri
Page 141 and 142: Geometric standard deviations rangi
Page 147 and 148: 3.2 APPLICATION OF THE OPTIMIZED MO
Page 149 and 150: lymph nodes, as in the LLNL phantom
Page 151 and 152: Americium in the lungs [Bq] 1000 10
Page 153 and 154: Daily urinary excretion [Bqd -1 ] 1
Page 155 and 156: long time is not yet described by t
Page 157 and 158: excretion that is one of the main i
Page 159 and 160: The comparison of model’s predict
Page 161 and 162: Americium in the lungs [Bq] 1000 10
Page 163 and 164: 153 CONCLUSIONS The optimized model
Page 165 and 166: Annex Quantities used in Radiologic
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present. As the radiation weighting
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w R is the radiation weighting fact
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161 BIBLIOGRAPHY 1. Plutonium. W. K
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29. Nenot, J.-C. and Stather, J. W.
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55. International Atomic Energy Age
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81. Crowley, J., Lanz, H., Scott, K
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107. Hempelmann, L.H., Langham,W.H.
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137. Breitestein, B.D., Newton, C.E
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167. Harrison, J.D., Khursheed, A.,
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JOURNALS OWN PUBLICATIONS RELATED T
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177 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Special thanks
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Name: Andrea Luciani Date and place
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Plutonium Biokinetics in Human Body A. Luciani - Kit-Bibliothek - FZK

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