Plutonium Biokinetics in Human Body A. Luciani - Kit-Bibliothek - FZK

More documents

Recommendations

Info

deviates from the model’s prediction by less than a factor of two, the squared deviation is smaller than the absolute value of the deviation. Therefore it can be concluded that the target function F is particular sensitive to experimental data that are significantly far (more than two times) from model’s predictions. In order to quickly compare the behavior of the different target functions, the experimental data available in the previously presented studies [80, 89-94, 98-100] were compared with the theoretical predictions of the empirical curves for the urinary excretions [80, 105, 109, 111-116,] by calculating the values of the target functions. The results for each empirical curve are given in Table 3.1.1 ordered according to the calculated values of the target functions. Table 3.1.1 Values of the target functions (L, F and A) calculated on the basis of the experimental data using different empirical curves.. Empirical curve L Empirical curve F Empirical curve A Tancock and Taylor (1993) 29 Tancock and Taylor (1993) 86 79 Tancock and Taylor (1993) Jones (1985) 30 Jones (1985) 116 Jones (1985) 66 Leggett and Eckerman (1987) Parkinson and Henley (1981) Khokhryakov (1994) Sun and Lee (1999) Robertson and Cohn (1964) 34 Leggett and Eckerman (1987) 44 Parkinson and Henley (1981) 45 Sun and Lee (1999) 57 Khokhryakov (1994) 61 Robertson and Cohn (1964) 147 197 197 230 340 Leggett and Eckerman (1987) Parkinson and Henley (1981) Sun and Lee (1999) Khokhryakov (1994) Robertson and Cohn (1964) Langham (1950) 69 Langham (1950) 436 Langham (1950) 128 Durbin (1972) 76 Durbin (1972) 508 Durbin (1972) 142 It can be seen that all the target functions yield almost the same sequence of empirical curves. Only the order of Khokhryakov’s and Sun and Lee’s curves are inverted when L target function is used. This means that they agree in deciding which empirical curve fits the experimental data best. However the ratios of the maximum by the minimum values calculated for each target functions are significantly different: for functions L and A it is about 2.6, whereas for F it is more than 6. As previously announced, this means that the F target function can more efficiently detect discrepancies between experimental data and model calculations. Therefore the target function F was adopted to quantify the agreement among the experimental data, empirical curves and models predictions. 55 72 89 91 93 114
3.1.2 ANALYSIS OF THE ICRP 67 MODEL 3.1.2.1 The reference data set The information available on the excretion of Plutonium is given by the experimental data and empirical curves described in the paragraphs 2.1.1 and 2.1.2 of Chapter 2. However it should be noted that the subjects, initially studied in the frame of Langham’s research [80] and followed-up by Rundo et al., Moss et al., Tancock et al. [88, 89-94], were affected by various pathologies. Therefore in the present work Jones’s approach [111] was followed: Only the excretion data judged by Durbin [106] to be representative of healthy subjects were used. An exception was made for some subjects with impaired kidney conditions. In these cases only the data from time periods for which Durbin showed that the impaired conditions do not influence the excretion curve were used. The experimental data for the subjects considered in the two main ‘in vivo’ studies (by Langham et al., abovequoted, and by Talbot et al. [98-100]) were obtained under approximately the same experimental conditions. Therefore the data can be considered as resulting from only one group, particularly if Jones’s and Durbin’s method of data selection is adopted. In the following part the two data sets are briefly compared in order to point out their coherence. For each group of subjects the maximum, minimum and the geometric mean values of the Plutonium excretion were evaluated at each time point (the geometric mean as central parameter is normally adopted in such studies [111]). This was carried out only for urinary and fecal excretion data of male subjects at short time because in all the other situations (male subjects data at long time or female subjects data at any time points) only few data are available. In order to easily compare the two groups of subjects for each time, the ratios of the considered values (maximum, minimum and geometric mean) for Langham’s group of subjects by the relative values for Talbot’s group of subjects were calculated. The resulting ratios were finally averaged over all the time points to have an estimation of the mean discrepancies among the considered quantities of the two subjects groups. The results are given in Table 3.1.2. Several samples from Talbot’s subjects were not collected exactly at 24-hours intervals as in Langham’s study. Therefore, in order to have data for the same time points, samples collected in Talbot’s study were corrected by means of a logarithmic interpolation to reduce them to the same sample collection intervals as in Langham’s study. Table 3.1.2. Comparison of Langham’s and Talbot’s data sets for Plutonium daily urinary and fecal excretion: Ratios of the geometric means (RGM), maxima (Rmax) and minima (Rmin) values averaged at short time post injection. Parameter Urine Feces RGM 0.93 1.12 Rmax 1.17 1.82 87 1.50 (a) Rmin 0.74 0.96 0.93 (a) (a) These values were calculated by omitting the data for the 16 th day post injection.
Page 1:
Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe in der
Page 4 and 5:
Für diesen Bericht behalten wir un
Page 7 and 8:
i ABSTRACT The biokinetic model pre
Page 9 and 10:
ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Das von der Interna
Page 11 and 12:
1 INDEX OF CONTENTS INDEX OF SYMBOL
Page 13 and 14:
3 INDEX OF SYMBOLS Here a short glo
Page 15:
Chapter 1 Introduction 5
Page 18 and 19:
the duties of the Department for Ra
Page 20 and 21:
adionuclide. Therefore only isotope
Page 22 and 23:
stabilise the +4 oxidation state [1
Page 24 and 25:
techniques adopted in the early pha
Page 26 and 27:
present in spent and MOX reactor fu
Page 28 and 29:
INTRAVENOUS INJECTION skin WOUND bl
Page 30 and 31:
functions, defined as retained and
Page 32 and 33:
the contamination event, of such as
Page 34 and 35:
Table 1.3.2 Indicative 239 Pu detec
Page 36 and 37:
The kinetics of Plutonium in the ki
Page 38 and 39:
1.4.2 COMMENTS ON THE ICRP 67 MODEL
Page 41:
Chapter 2 Data and measurements 31
Page 44 and 45:
Therefore the radiolysis process, m
Page 46 and 47: Recent technologic developments in
Page 48 and 49: eu(t) = 0.19e −0.272t + 0.023e
Page 50 and 51: function for each of the considered
Page 52 and 53: the minimum detectable activity of
Page 54 and 55: 2.2.2 AVAILABLE MEASUREMENTS Immedi
Page 56 and 57: Table 2.2.4 Daily fecal excretion o
Page 58 and 59: elements the spectral distribution
Page 60 and 61: The phoswich detector is based on t
Page 62 and 63: HPGe crystals are produced in cylin
Page 64 and 65: This quantity is normally expressed
Page 66 and 67: The peak is located in the region B
Page 68 and 69: To introduce the second quantity, t
Page 70 and 71: 117 cm 3 h -1 for the incoming and
Page 72 and 73: Figure 2.3.8 The Lawrence Livermore
Page 74 and 75: three detectors are used. Two detec
Page 76 and 77: Table 2.3.4 Efficiency factors of p
Page 78 and 79: • the necessity of performing mea
Page 80 and 81: Table 2.3.7 Impulses in the measure
Page 82 and 83: 2.4 ACTIVITY MEASUREMENTS IN BIOASS
Page 84 and 85: If more then one radionuclide is ma
Page 86 and 87: L A is the air layer in µgcm -2 ;
Page 88 and 89: The electrodeposition cell used for
Page 90 and 91: Table 2.4.1 238 Pu, 239 Pu and 241
Page 93 and 94: 3.1.1 MATHEMATICAL TOOLS 3.1.1.1 So
Page 95: calculating the amount of Plutonium
Page 99 and 100: empirical curves given by Langham,
Page 101 and 102: the worst performance of the group.
Page 103 and 104: leave the total clearance from the
Page 105 and 106: Figure 3.1.4 shows that the use of
Page 107 and 108: 3.1.3 MODIFICATION OF ICRP 67 MODEL
Page 109 and 110: The structure of Polig’s skeleton
Page 111 and 112: Percentage daily urinary excretion
Page 113 and 114: of 0.693d -1 . The values of the F
Page 117 and 118: the basis of all the reference data
Page 119 and 120: Table 3.1.10 Transfer rates of the
Page 121 and 122: 3.1.4 VERIFICATION OF THE OPTIMIZED
Page 123 and 124: Table 3.1.13 Intakes and percentage
Page 125 and 126: soft tissue ST2 soft tissue ST0 sof
Page 127 and 128: For the routine application of Mode
Page 129 and 130: excreted by individuals aged sixty
Page 131 and 132: Table 3.1.20 Exponents and coeffici
Page 133 and 134: tract [57] to consider a contaminat
Page 135 and 136: The sensitivity coefficients for th
Page 137 and 138: Sensitivity coefficients S i Figure
Page 139 and 140: transfer rates on the Plutonium uri
Page 141 and 142: Geometric standard deviations rangi
Page 147 and 148:
3.2 APPLICATION OF THE OPTIMIZED MO
Page 149 and 150:
lymph nodes, as in the LLNL phantom
Page 151 and 152:
Americium in the lungs [Bq] 1000 10
Page 153 and 154:
Daily urinary excretion [Bqd -1 ] 1
Page 155 and 156:
long time is not yet described by t
Page 157 and 158:
excretion that is one of the main i
Page 159 and 160:
The comparison of model’s predict
Page 161 and 162:
Americium in the lungs [Bq] 1000 10
Page 163 and 164:
153 CONCLUSIONS The optimized model
Page 165 and 166:
Annex Quantities used in Radiologic
Page 167 and 168:
present. As the radiation weighting
Page 169 and 170:
w R is the radiation weighting fact
Page 171 and 172:
161 BIBLIOGRAPHY 1. Plutonium. W. K
Page 173 and 174:
29. Nenot, J.-C. and Stather, J. W.
Page 175 and 176:
55. International Atomic Energy Age
Page 177 and 178:
81. Crowley, J., Lanz, H., Scott, K
Page 179 and 180:
107. Hempelmann, L.H., Langham,W.H.
Page 181 and 182:
137. Breitestein, B.D., Newton, C.E
Page 183 and 184:
167. Harrison, J.D., Khursheed, A.,
Page 185 and 186:
JOURNALS OWN PUBLICATIONS RELATED T
Page 187 and 188:
177 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Special thanks
Page 189 and 190:
Name: Andrea Luciani Date and place
show all

Plutonium Biokinetics in Human Body A. Luciani - Kit-Bibliothek - FZK

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?