Plutonium Biokinetics in Human Body A. Luciani - Kit-Bibliothek - FZK

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Percentage activity in blood [%d -1 ] 1E+2 1E+1 1E+0 1E-1 1E-2 geometric mean 16 th and 84 th percentiles (1 GSD) 1 st and 99 th percentiles 1 10 100 1000 10000 100000 Days post injection Figure 3.1.30 Mean values and range of the percentage blood content of Plutonium predicted by the Model-b model after an injection (Geometric Standard Deviation, GSD, of model transfer = 1.75). In order to evaluate the uncertainty of model’s predictions in the practical cases of contamination, similar calculations were performed for the daily percentage urinary excretion in case of inhalation and ingestion. For the uncertainty of the not-systemic parameters, resulted significant in the previous sensitivity analysis, further assumptions were done. For the f 1 gut uptake a distribution (GSD = 2.60) as suggested by Khursheed was assumed [166]. For the respiratory parameters of Figure 3.1.25 and Figure 3.1.26, the uncertainties suggested by the ICRP 66 were assumed. Otherwise, if ICRP doesn’t provide any indication about the uncertainty of the respiratory tract model parameters, a GSD = 1.75 was assumed, analogously to the outcomes of uncertainty analysis for the systemic parameters. As example Figure 3.1.31 shows the results of the model’s predictions with the relating uncertainties (the 16 st and 84 th percentiles, 1 GSD, and the 1 st and 99 th percentiles) in case of an inhalation of a compound type S, AMAD = 5µm by a standard worker. In comparison to the uncertainties for the urinary excretion of Plutonium following a systemic contamination, a contamination via inhalation (or other not-systemic path) will determine a greater range in the uncertainties of model’s predictions because a larger number of varying transfer rates are considered. The values of GSD of the model’s predictions for the daily percentage urinary excretion are summarized in Figure 3.1.32 for the main standard conditions of exposure. The GSD of Model-b predictions of Plutonium urinary excretion after ingestion are significantly greater than the GSD relating to an inhalation event, even if a smaller number of transfer rates were varied in the former case. This is due to two main reasons: • The sensitivity analysis has pointed out the greatest sensitivity coefficients for the f 1 gut uptake factor (+1); • The greatest GSD (2.60) was assumed for the f 1 gut uptake factor [166]. 134
Percentage daily urinary excretion [%d -1 ] 1E-3 1E-4 1E-5 1E-6 1 10 100 1000 10000 100000 Days post injection Figure 3.1.31 Mean values and range of the daily percentage urinary excretion of Plutonium predicted by the Model-b after inhalation of a compound type S, AMAD = 5µm by a standard worker. Geometric Standard Deviation (GSD) 3.2 3,2 3.03 2.8 2,8 2.6 2,6 2.4 2,4 2.2 2,2 2.02 1.8 1,8 1.6 1,6 1.4 1,4 Figure 3.1.32 GSD of Model-b predictions for the daily percentage urinary excretion of Plutonium assuming different standard conditions of exposure. 135 geometric mean 16 th and 84 th percentiles (1 GSD) 1 st and 99 th percentiles Inhalation (type S) Inhalation (type M) f1 Ingestion 0.0005 II 1 10 100 1000 10000 100000 Days post intake
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Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe in der
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Für diesen Bericht behalten wir un
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i ABSTRACT The biokinetic model pre
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ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Das von der Interna
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1 INDEX OF CONTENTS INDEX OF SYMBOL
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3 INDEX OF SYMBOLS Here a short glo
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Chapter 1 Introduction 5
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the duties of the Department for Ra
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adionuclide. Therefore only isotope
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stabilise the +4 oxidation state [1
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techniques adopted in the early pha
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present in spent and MOX reactor fu
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INTRAVENOUS INJECTION skin WOUND bl
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functions, defined as retained and
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the contamination event, of such as
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Table 1.3.2 Indicative 239 Pu detec
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The kinetics of Plutonium in the ki
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1.4.2 COMMENTS ON THE ICRP 67 MODEL
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Chapter 2 Data and measurements 31
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Therefore the radiolysis process, m
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Recent technologic developments in
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eu(t) = 0.19e −0.272t + 0.023e
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function for each of the considered
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the minimum detectable activity of
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2.2.2 AVAILABLE MEASUREMENTS Immedi
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Table 2.2.4 Daily fecal excretion o
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elements the spectral distribution
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The phoswich detector is based on t
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HPGe crystals are produced in cylin
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This quantity is normally expressed
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The peak is located in the region B
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To introduce the second quantity, t
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117 cm 3 h -1 for the incoming and
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Figure 2.3.8 The Lawrence Livermore
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three detectors are used. Two detec
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Table 2.3.4 Efficiency factors of p
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• the necessity of performing mea
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Table 2.3.7 Impulses in the measure
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2.4 ACTIVITY MEASUREMENTS IN BIOASS
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If more then one radionuclide is ma
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L A is the air layer in µgcm -2 ;
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The electrodeposition cell used for
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Table 2.4.1 238 Pu, 239 Pu and 241
Page 93 and 94: 3.1.1 MATHEMATICAL TOOLS 3.1.1.1 So
Page 95 and 96: calculating the amount of Plutonium
Page 97 and 98: 3.1.2 ANALYSIS OF THE ICRP 67 MODEL
Page 99 and 100: empirical curves given by Langham,
Page 101 and 102: the worst performance of the group.
Page 103 and 104: leave the total clearance from the
Page 105 and 106: Figure 3.1.4 shows that the use of
Page 107 and 108: 3.1.3 MODIFICATION OF ICRP 67 MODEL
Page 109 and 110: The structure of Polig’s skeleton
Page 111 and 112: Percentage daily urinary excretion
Page 113 and 114: of 0.693d -1 . The values of the F
Page 115 and 116: Percentage daily urinary excretion
Page 117 and 118: the basis of all the reference data
Page 119 and 120: Table 3.1.10 Transfer rates of the
Page 121 and 122: 3.1.4 VERIFICATION OF THE OPTIMIZED
Page 123 and 124: Table 3.1.13 Intakes and percentage
Page 125 and 126: soft tissue ST2 soft tissue ST0 sof
Page 127 and 128: For the routine application of Mode
Page 129 and 130: excreted by individuals aged sixty
Page 131 and 132: Table 3.1.20 Exponents and coeffici
Page 133 and 134: tract [57] to consider a contaminat
Page 135 and 136: The sensitivity coefficients for th
Page 137 and 138: Sensitivity coefficients S i Figure
Page 139 and 140: transfer rates on the Plutonium uri
Page 141 and 142: Geometric standard deviations rangi
Page 143: Percentage daily urinary excretion
Page 147 and 148: 3.2 APPLICATION OF THE OPTIMIZED MO
Page 149 and 150: lymph nodes, as in the LLNL phantom
Page 151 and 152: Americium in the lungs [Bq] 1000 10
Page 153 and 154: Daily urinary excretion [Bqd -1 ] 1
Page 155 and 156: long time is not yet described by t
Page 157 and 158: excretion that is one of the main i
Page 159 and 160: The comparison of model’s predict
Page 161 and 162: Americium in the lungs [Bq] 1000 10
Page 163 and 164: 153 CONCLUSIONS The optimized model
Page 165 and 166: Annex Quantities used in Radiologic
Page 167 and 168: present. As the radiation weighting
Page 169 and 170: w R is the radiation weighting fact
Page 171 and 172: 161 BIBLIOGRAPHY 1. Plutonium. W. K
Page 173 and 174: 29. Nenot, J.-C. and Stather, J. W.
Page 175 and 176: 55. International Atomic Energy Age
Page 177 and 178: 81. Crowley, J., Lanz, H., Scott, K
Page 179 and 180: 107. Hempelmann, L.H., Langham,W.H.
Page 181 and 182: 137. Breitestein, B.D., Newton, C.E
Page 183 and 184: 167. Harrison, J.D., Khursheed, A.,
Page 185 and 186: JOURNALS OWN PUBLICATIONS RELATED T
Page 187 and 188: 177 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Special thanks
Page 189 and 190: Name: Andrea Luciani Date and place
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Plutonium Biokinetics in Human Body A. Luciani - Kit-Bibliothek - FZK

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