By Evarist Baimu Nyaga Mawalla - Home

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proceedings Act, 1967 which requires a ministerial fiat in order to sue thegovernment infringes the constitutional right free access to the courts for aremedy; and that the Act was not in public interest, therefore unconstitutional andvoid.RulingMwalusanya, J.The plaintiff Peter s/o Ng’omango is a tutor at Mpwapwa Teacher’s College. Hefiled a suit against the Principal of Mpwapwa Teacher’s College one Mr.GersonM.K. Mwangwa claiming Shs. 2,201,762/= as damages for malicious prosecutionand defamation. The defendat applied to have the government joined as codefendantsimply because he is a public servant but I rejected the applicain.Then the State Attorney I/c of Dodoma Zone Mr. Mwambe, duly duly instructedby the Attorney-General applied to have the government joined as a codefendantand again the application was rejected. I advised the defendant thatthe proper procedure was for him to apply for a third party notice so that thegovernment is joined as co-defendant. That he did and the government wasfinally duly joined as the 2 nd defendantAs expected, the 2 nd defendant (the Government) in its written statement ofdefense has raised a preliminary objection to the effect that the suit isincompetent, for want of consent of the minister for justice under the provisions ofthe Government proceedings Act, 1967 In his reply the plaintiff has raised aconstitutional point to the effect that the Government Proceedings Acts,1967 asamended by government proceedings (Amendment) Act, 1967 25 isunconstitutional and os void. He said dthat it offends Articles 13 (3), 13 (6) (a)and 30 (3) of our Constitution and so it should be declared void under Section 64(5) of the Constitution as well as Section 5 (1) of Constitution (ConsequentialTransitional provisions) Act, 1984 26 The Republic was represented by Mr.Ndumgurku, State Attorney while the plaintiff argued the point in person.The State Attorney, Mr. Ndunguru conceded that the constitutional point inquestion was duly derved on him as required by Section 17A (2) of the LawReform “(Fatal Accidents ) Miscellaneous Provisions Ordinace, 1955 27 asamended by Law Reform Reform (Fatal Accidens and Miscellaneous provisions)Ordinance (Amendment) Act, 1991 28 So he said that he was qyute ready toargue the pointThe points raised by Mr. Nduguru were two – fold. First that assuming he theright of an individual to have access to the courts is granted under Articles 1 (3),13 (6) (a) and 30 (3)24 Act No. 16 of 1967.25 Act No. 40 of 1974.268
26 Act No. 16 of 198427 Chapter 360 of the Revised Laws of Tanzania Mainland28 Act No. of 1991.Right of Access to JusticeOf the Constitution, yet the Government Proceeding Act, 1967, has not infringedthe same. He said that Section 6 of the Government Proceeding Act, 1967,which require a written permission from the minister of justice in order to sue thegovernment was a mere procedural matter, which did not take away the right tosue the government. He said that the right to sue the government is left intact. Hecontended that since it is only procedural matter, it sues not infringe the right ofaccess to the courts., He said that it is just like a procedure which is provide inthe Civil Procedure Code, 1966 29 that one cannot sue any defendant until he hasfiled a proper plaint in court or until he has given a proper notice to sue thatdefendant. In fine he argued that the requirement of fiat from the minister forjustice is not inconsistent with the right o have a free access to the courts.Secondly. Mr. Ndunguru argued that even if the requirement of a ministerial fiatis taken to infringe the right of free access to the courts provided for in theConstitution, nevertheless he argued the Government Proceedings Act, 1967 issaved by the derogation clause in Article 30 (1) and (2) of the Constitution as it isin public interest. He said that it was in public interest for two reasons. First thatthe restriction is necessary so as to avoid unnecessary harassment of thegovernment so that it functions smoothly when serving the general public. Hesaid that public policy requires that the Government conduct its businesssmoothly without unnecessary harassments and impediments otherwise thegeneral public will not be saved well. Secondly, the State Attorney argue that ifthe High Court will declare this statute to be unconstitutional the courts will beinundated with numerous cases against the government and the courts will notbe able to cope with the fold of those cases So he said that the requirement of aministerial fiat was in public interest under Article 30 (1) and (2) of ourConstitution, so as to limit the number of cases going to court. And at the sametime the government will be spared the embarrassment of being the defendant infrivolous and vexatious cases. He said that, that situation would not be healthy ifthe requirement of a ministerial fiat is abolished.The plaintiff replied by stating that the requirement of a ministerial fiat was not amere procedural matter but substantively restricts the right to have free access tothe courts. He continued to sumit that the Government Proceedings Act, 1967 isnot in public interest and so it is not saved by the derogation clause or claw-backclause. He said that since in every case where the government is the defendant,the said government would be fully heard and defended by a competent StateAttorney, he could not see any reason as to why the ministerial fiat should beimposed. He said that the Government would not be prejudiced in any way if the269
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A COMPILATION OF CASES OF JUDICIAL
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4.3 Assistant Imports controller v
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appropriate respondent, i.e, if in
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the individual complaining of breac
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of the Constitution that there shou
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y one judge of the High Court. Desp
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Question(1) Their Lordship can deal
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ights and freedoms to satisfy the r
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The contravention was in the past;
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is entitled. The respondent must pa
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independence, as the result of nego
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emedy, but only by consent of the C
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policy justifies these distinctions
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compulsorily on payment of .compens
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have already touched on this. I do
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‘s favour would have been a right
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in cases of judicial misbehavior, a
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of course, is not in the ordinary s
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of these provisions is to ensure th
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which he appealed by special leave.
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does not exclude the application of
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“………no person should be pun
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state. By section 19 (2) of the Cro
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tot for anything done by Maharaj J.
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of this section ;and (b)to determin
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this was a finding that the judge,
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February 27. The judgment of the ma
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It was a state act performed by the
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A defendant is always entitled to k
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to come before the House of Lord’
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The key word here is “inseparable
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Assuming that “commonwealth” wa
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the High Court within a limited tim
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Ouster clauses which take effect on
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jurisdiction if they are disputed b
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eviction by NAFCO. The special and
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separation of powers enshrined in t
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2. that the Honorable trial judge e
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section 2 of land ordinance, 1922 i
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statutorily on trust for the benefi
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such consent is required only in ca
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language of that section precludes
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There is merit in this ground of ap
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section 4 and would undoubtedly hav
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Clearly this section in unconstitut
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ional crystallization, of the idea
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That, the exparte application for t
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espect, after all is said, and writ
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to BAWATA’s Secretary General who
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From the above persuasive cases, I
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opinion, that where the Court used
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JudgeCourt: Now case to be referred
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the charge had already been entered
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was violative of her basic right as
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in that court, and in the course of
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In the result the appeal by the Dir
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that the proceedings before the Tri
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Prof. Shivji urged that when the ma
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Administered by inferior tribunals
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was found to be a nullity for irrat
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Those who espouse the narrow approa
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31. (1985) At p. 3532. One of the p
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Application on merits. Mandamus iss
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Those who exist above the people mu
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November 1986 they made a market su
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In the case at hand of course the a
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of each case, but it a fundamental
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I note that in the Advisory Committ
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The complaint is not that a person
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The applicants. Who were bidding in
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A paradigm,but not the only case of
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claims not to contain legal rules,
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743. All these cases show that it i
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as conclusive of the absence of a c
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The code is therefore framed in non
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“In my view to allow English citi
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eceive a further ⅔ per cent based
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alternative and that, reading the u
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On the morning of 25 November 1986
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The issue is thus whether the histo
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The Criminal Injuries Compensation
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part of decision - makers and for b
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Nothing that I have said can fetter
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underestimating the extent tot whic
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egulation” may be misleading. The
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More recently, in Reg. v. British B
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NICHOLLS L.J. I entirely agree with
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The code also contains some detaile
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appellant was tried on a count char
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founder parties should have used th
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(4) Since the case is based on aver
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Thus we held that any member of the
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procedure prescribed by Order 1, ru
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It is settled in our constitutional
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of judicial innovation to say that
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It follows from the foregoing that
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will not succeed. The court cannot
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The petition originally raised very
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disclosed in that context. He maint
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of the legislation and that there i
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…the restriction imposed at commo
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This provision, in my view, caters
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I agree and can not wish to add any
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It is contended by the petitioner t
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It extends to modification of those
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These amendments were, therefore, v
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courts in respect of the stay of su
Page 217 and 218: namely, an assembly or procession n
Page 219 and 220: of law and order. I provision like
Page 221 and 222: Until the Legislature makes appropr
Page 223 and 224: his representatives; the right to r
Page 225 and 226: in the Constitution? In that case t
Page 227 and 228: to appoint persons to offices in th
Page 229 and 230: I hereby certify that this is a tru
Page 231 and 232: It is sworn further that in the cou
Page 233 and 234: applicants. And if I may say now, a
Page 235 and 236: A part from the applicants obligati
Page 237 and 238: It seems that this issue once decid
Page 239 and 240: Finally, Mr. Werema made an alterna
Page 241 and 242: to find a case which shows there is
Page 243 and 244: Delivered.Dr. Lamwai for the Applic
Page 245 and 246: However, he pointed out that it is
Page 247 and 248: IN THE COURT OF APPEAL OF TANZANIAA
Page 249 and 250: anything, he was simply answering w
Page 251 and 252: appellants the opportunities of bei
Page 253 and 254: For these reasons we are satisfied
Page 255 and 256: jurisdiction to go wrong. Neither a
Page 257 and 258: Essentially these grounds are alleg
Page 259 and 260: in agreement. However, the advocate
Page 261 and 262: Attorney General was duly summoned,
Page 263 and 264: Once we hold as indeed we do, that
Page 265 and 266: surfaced from the very beginning. I
Page 267: of Dodoma Zone Mr. Mwambe duly inst
Page 271 and 272: the case of Attorney-General v. Les
Page 273 and 274: 1991on the Democratic system in Tan
Page 275 and 276: efusal in short the decisions were
Page 277 and 278: public interest should not be too b
Page 279 and 280: operation was “thoroughly outdate
Page 281 and 282: In the final analysis, I find that
Page 283 and 284: J. dated the 24 th day of October,
Page 285 and 286: though we felt that the learned Sta
Page 287 and 288: (a). that every persons shall, when
Page 289 and 290: The more difficult question is whet
Page 291 and 292: Turning now to the requirement that
Page 293 and 294: The appeal is allowed with cast, an
Page 295 and 296: 6. Tanzania Air service ltd v minis
Page 297 and 298: A company (Cyanamid) register a pat
Page 299 and 300: 506 All England Law Reports (1975)
Page 301 and 302: a. patents in 1953 (Lowe) and 1954
Page 303 and 304: efore any question of balance of co
Page 305 and 306: object that I have indicated above
Page 307 and 308: this. Returning therefore to the in
Page 309 and 310: MAGNUM AGENCLES COMPANY LIMITED RES
Page 311 and 312: Without going into his locals stand
Page 313 and 314: BANK OF TANZANIA MWANZABut the prop
Page 315 and 316: Similarly the present record does n
Page 317 and 318: 78 TANZANIA LAW REPORTS (1987) T.L.
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Maina ,J This is an application to
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e made informally. But with respect
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82 TANZANIA LAW REPORTS (1987)T.L.R
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Temeke, Dar es salaam, delivered in
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3. that the reference was in any ev
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2. that the application has no righ
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c.c.s.u v, minste for civil service
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communications headquarters (GCHQ)
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)2) of the European Convention on H
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dismiss persons refusing to accept
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matters relating to the dispassion
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extending he requirement of natural
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continue to be enjoyed although mig
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the grounds upon which administrati
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alter right or obligations enforcea
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I agree with your Lordships tat thi
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the appellants employment be termin
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The trial judge dismissed appellant
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the view that the appellant’s ter
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Court did not stop there. It consid
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In English I have been instructed t
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the respondents such order was gran
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to response to the .. of an appell
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Was Annex D.1 made in bad faith? Th
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when questioning the constitutional
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24 th May 1991 informing the appell
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We are therefore of the opinion tha
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him of that decision is in our view
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usurp the function of the High Cour
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MAUGHAM in maritime Elective C. Ltd
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We again agree with the learned jud
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However, the learned judge skipped
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filing of statements could not be s
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even to seem to express an opinion
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As we have already intimated the te
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the removal. But we reject the earl
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the Daily News and Uhuru newspapers
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M.D. BOMANIAg. JUSTICE OF APPEALJ.L
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Both parties are represented by cou
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THE SECUTITY FO EMPLOYMENT ACT 1964
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administrative law as seriously as
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interest are at stake. In any other
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the fundamentals of good administra
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mandamus should be made but it must
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6. EXERCISE OF DISCRETIONARY POWERS
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Mr. Mselem was at a loss to know un
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under s. 3 (3) of Cap. 104 and none
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affidavit and the representations o
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17 th June 1987 requiring him to le
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SongeaMohamed Ally Athumani now 54
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Ally Athumani PW1 had received. He
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Home is cases of ones in search of
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nothing about the subject matter as
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commissioner of Songea District was
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in all details to the one issued to
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approved by village Governments. DW
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forces that are always inconsistent
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under the Business licincing Act No
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applicants these could definitely n
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person against who he intends issue
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dealings. Expedient is not this Rep
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espondent to discharge its function
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(i) an order of certiorari 8 and se
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Mr. Mwaikusa argued that the releva
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that the Government has set on itse
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AT DODOMACIVIL CASE NO. 23 OF 1993J
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for Tabora Region . By a letter dat
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of the Constitution or the law of t
Page 455 and 456:
Another important consideration und
Page 457 and 458:
have been taken into account, wheth
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withstanding the existence of an ou
Page 461 and 462:
arbitrary decision. And it offends
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to the Principal Secretary to the P
Page 465 and 466:
I heard long and interesting arqume
Page 467 and 468:
public interest; second, it is the
Page 469 and 470:
the former the Principal Secretary
Page 471 and 472:
I think I can dispose of this matte
Page 473 and 474:
the whole field of the law relating
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declaration except in a negative so
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itom 108(1) of the First schedule t
Page 479 and 480:
egards the commission’s report, t
Page 481 and 482:
RULLINGSAMATTA, JK:This is an appli
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impugned decision. As expected, I w
Page 485 and 486:
(g) on retirement in circumstances,
Page 487 and 488:
etire otherwise than on disciplinar
Page 489 and 490:
(c) for pupose of facilitating impr
Page 491 and 492:
“Whatever pleases the emperor has
Page 493 and 494:
decision has, I agree with Mr Nasso
Page 495 and 496:
Before I part with this application
Page 497 and 498:
7. REMEDIES1. Ajit Gordhan v Direct
Page 499 and 500:
21. Simeon Manyaki v Executive Comm
Page 501 and 502:
of which was annexed to the affidav
Page 503 and 504:
The above position was enshrined in
Page 505 and 506:
such as damages or on injunction. T
Page 507 and 508:
Should the prayer then be granted i
Page 509 and 510:
No cases referred to.Omar and Musta
Page 511 and 512:
IN THE HIGH COURT OF TANZANIAAT DAR
Page 513 and 514:
alleged circumstance, it is further
Page 515 and 516:
Mr Mallaba has traced the history o
Page 517 and 518:
Mr. Kisusi submits further that sin
Page 519 and 520:
ANDESSO STANDARD TANZANIA LIMITED .
Page 521 and 522:
proceed by way certiorari. He can f
Page 523 and 524:
AT MWANZACORAM: OMAR, J.A. HNZAVAS,
Page 525 and 526:
G.N. 41/92, the second respondent i
Page 527 and 528:
ecause it violates Article 13 of th
Page 529 and 530:
tenants, one enjoying legal protect
Page 531 and 532:
the provisions of the Rent Restrict
Page 533 and 534:
Lastly, in ground 5 the appellants
Page 535 and 536:
R V Income Tax Special Purposes Cou
Page 537 and 538:
had interfered with the administrat
Page 539 and 540:
LORD TEMPLEMAN. Parliament makes th
Page 541 and 542:
LORD GRIFEITHS. My Lords, I have ha
Page 543 and 544:
Because of this, it is normally unn
Page 545 and 546:
students at his school; that he was
Page 547 and 548:
unnaturally took the view that the
Page 549 and 550:
solicitor later at about 12.30 am v
Page 551 and 552:
Mr Baker was arranged for 4 pm that
Page 553 and 554:
counsel with whem a conference took
Page 555 and 556:
easonably benevolent construction o
Page 557 and 558:
Lord Donalsdson MR described Mr Bak
Page 559 and 560:
was made without jurisdiction, then
Page 561 and 562:
Court has been given . If the appli
Page 563 and 564:
in the earlier case may have coused
Page 565 and 566:
As the Sovereign cannot authorize w
Page 567 and 568:
When dismissiong the action Romer I
Page 569 and 570:
the Crown. (In this summary 1 put o
Page 571 and 572:
emedy against theCrown was not conf
Page 573 and 574:
easonable doubt as to the identity
Page 575 and 576:
Section 23 (2) (2) refers to petiti
Page 577 and 578:
Corwn in general, then s 21 (2) wou
Page 579 and 580:
epresenting the Crown, the third th
Page 581 and 582:
obtain an injunction (see also Merr
Page 583 and 584:
A both because there would be an in
Page 585 and 586:
It is interesting to note the comme
Page 587 and 588:
prohivition or certiorari (b) the n
Page 589 and 590:
proceedings as was available to you
Page 591 and 592:
lack of jurisdiction to grant inter
Page 593 and 594:
egarded as being open to challenge
Page 595 and 596:
quite out of accord with practice,
Page 597 and 598:
The validity of the injunction gran
Page 599 and 600:
IN THE HIGH COURT OF TANZANIAAT SON
Page 601 and 602:
October; 1993, the Regional Commiss
Page 603 and 604:
statutory authority for doing so, t
Page 605 and 606:
egulation 10 as read with S. 55 (1)
Page 607 and 608:
(4) In such a case the tribunal, wh
Page 609 and 610:
the penalty demands notwithstanding
Page 611 and 612:
question I have posed and speaking
Page 613 and 614:
first two prayers, to wit, orders o
Page 615 and 616:
and illegally taking then away from
Page 617 and 618:
I conceded that as wrong in view of
Page 619 and 620:
unquestionability upon its decision
Page 621 and 622:
deciding what the decision-maker sh
Page 623 and 624:
ut the judges must observe the cons
Page 625 and 626:
intended to furtmore national polic
Page 627 and 628:
society. That observation applies t
Page 629 and 630:
In the event, the prayer for a decl
Page 631 and 632:
25 th January 1978. However on 5 th
Page 633 and 634:
missing from the trial court record
Page 635 and 636:
One of the conditions set out in th
Page 637 and 638:
(a) that up to the 5 th February, 1
Page 639 and 640:
With regard to this passage of the
Page 641 and 642:
Patman Garments Industries Limited
Page 643 and 644:
dishonoured, or if he had broken th
Page 645 and 646:
Decree of the High Court and declar
Page 647 and 648:
y the Institute during the 1983/84
Page 649 and 650:
obdurate if not- thoroughly uncoope
Page 651 and 652:
examination papers to NBAA for mode
Page 653 and 654:
against him, so that he could effec
Page 655 and 656:
maters as the leakage of examinatio
Page 657 and 658:
Q. Can you tell us anything strange
Page 659 and 660:
IN THE HIGH COURT OF TANZANIA\MAIN
Page 661 and 662:
against a government minister or de
Page 663 and 664:
injunctive relief is sought? Althou
Page 665 and 666:
appears to have done, to hold that
Page 667 and 668:
the applicant leave to apply review
Page 669:
669
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