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The European Court of Human Rights has also held in the Silver Case 46 that alaw that infringes basic human rights without any adequate safeguards againstarbitrary Action is not law Now a glance at the Government proceedings Act,1967 will reveal that it si not a lawful law because it does not have anysafeguards against arbitrary action by the Minister for justice. The arbitrarinessand oppressive natre of the Government proceedings Act. 1967 has beenamply documented see Report of the Nyalali Commission. Book three 47 and theL L. M. Dissertation of 985 by Law Lecture of the University of Dar es SalaamMr. M.K.B. Wambali titled “ The tort Liability of the Government in Tanzania TheImpact of the Government Proceeding Act 1967 on the Rights o IndividualClaimants 48 Firstly there is no appeal against the decision of the Minister forJustice contrary to Article 13 (6) (a) of our Constitution Secondly there is alllikelihood that the ministerial power may be grossly abused as the Act does notprovide for restrictions of any type of the minister. Thirdly, there are no guidelineslaid down for the Minister to follow in exercising this power. We are all atthe mercy of his idiosyncrasies Fourthly, there is no obligation imposed on thepart of the minister to answer the application and so ministerial power manyaffect he period of limitation. Finally the consent requirement has an extremelygreat likelihood of not serving the ends of justice, for how come that thegovernment is adjudge own course? The decisions will always be at the expenseof the individual rights. The procedure patently defeats the ends of justice.42 (1978) 2 SCR 621.43 (1981) A.C. 648 (PC) at pp. 669-671.44. WADE, Henry W.R. Administrative Law, Oxford: Oxford University Press1965, p. 3745. This speech is reproduced in Volume 8 Dar es Salaam University LawJournal, 1991, p. l.46 (1983) 5 E.H.R.R. 34747 GOVERNMENT OF THE UNTED REPUBLIC OF TANZANAI The Report andReport and Recommendations of the Residential Commission on Single party orMultiparty System in Tanzania 1991 on the Democratic System in Tanzania op.cit., at p. 30.48 Mimeograph (University of Dar es Salaam Main Library.Right of Access to JusticeThere can be no doubt that the ministerial fiat requirement has been used by thegovernment as a tool of oppression against the people it governs. That much hasbeen documented by Mr. Wambali in his dissertation. He found that one couldhardly make our tangible principles by which the minister for justice will be guidedin according the decision whether or not consent should be granted. He foundthat in each case any plausible justification was made for either a grant or a274
efusal in short the decisions were found always to be palpably arbitrary.Examples are cited in the thesis wherein consent was refused simply becausethe minister thought if the matter went to court a good quainter of damageswould have been awarded by the courts to the claimant on merits. In other casesMr. Wambali found that in many instances the minister reached his manifestlyadverse decision without referring to any supporting legal authorities or basingthem on incorrect point of law. Another valid complaint to be discovered was helength of time taken to deal with the application. It usually takes an unnecessarilylong time. He found that out of the 58 tort claims he studied, only 6 application forconsent were granted by he minister, that is about 10 per cent; and it took theaverage of four years to reach the decision either way. Certainly that is aninordinately very long time to reach decision. Taking into account the fact that theperiod of limitation is three years for torts. The graphic account of Mr. M.K.B.Wambali can also be seen in his paper he presented at the Seminar toCommemorate 25 years of the Faculty of Law, held between 20 th and 25 thOctober 1986 at the University of Dar es salaam titled “the Enforcement of theBill of Rights Against the Government”Others to document the oppression rendered by the requirement of theministerial fist is Dr. Chris Maina Peter, a lecturer at the Faculty of Law of theUniversity of Dar es Salaam in his article “Five Years of the Bill of rights toTanzania Drawing a Balance sheet published in the African journal ofinternational and Comparative Law 49 where he statesThe most conspicuous and frustrating among the rights denied to the citizen isthe right to sue the government. It seems as if the governments has resolved toprotect itself. This protectionist attitude of the government is codified through theGovernment Proceedings Act, 1967. This strategic legislation insulates thegovernment from all claims in a feudalist manner According to this law, anybodywanting to sue the government has first to seek permission is a tussle whichtakes time / In some cases it has taken years to get the holy permit. This is notan accident; it has a meaning. The time factor is intended to wear out theclaimant and force him to settle the matter our of court with the government. Ifhe insets on proceeding with the case, then time will have taken its toll and it islikely that some of the key witnesses will have died, been transferred or simplyforgotten what transpired in relation to the issue being litigated. The legislation isquite irrational The cruelty of this sadism reaches the climax when the applicanthimself dies while waiting for the Attorney-General’s permission to enable him topursue his rights through the courts of law. This happened in the case of ScarionBruno.Others who have made similar adverse remarks against the Governmentproceedings Act. 1967 include prof. Issa G. Shivji in his article State and275
Page 1 and 2:
A COMPILATION OF CASES OF JUDICIAL
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4.3 Assistant Imports controller v
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appropriate respondent, i.e, if in
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the individual complaining of breac
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of the Constitution that there shou
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y one judge of the High Court. Desp
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Question(1) Their Lordship can deal
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ights and freedoms to satisfy the r
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The contravention was in the past;
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is entitled. The respondent must pa
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independence, as the result of nego
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emedy, but only by consent of the C
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policy justifies these distinctions
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compulsorily on payment of .compens
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have already touched on this. I do
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‘s favour would have been a right
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in cases of judicial misbehavior, a
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of course, is not in the ordinary s
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of these provisions is to ensure th
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which he appealed by special leave.
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does not exclude the application of
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“………no person should be pun
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state. By section 19 (2) of the Cro
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tot for anything done by Maharaj J.
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of this section ;and (b)to determin
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this was a finding that the judge,
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February 27. The judgment of the ma
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It was a state act performed by the
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A defendant is always entitled to k
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to come before the House of Lord’
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The key word here is “inseparable
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Assuming that “commonwealth” wa
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the High Court within a limited tim
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Ouster clauses which take effect on
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jurisdiction if they are disputed b
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eviction by NAFCO. The special and
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separation of powers enshrined in t
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2. that the Honorable trial judge e
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section 2 of land ordinance, 1922 i
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statutorily on trust for the benefi
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such consent is required only in ca
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language of that section precludes
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There is merit in this ground of ap
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section 4 and would undoubtedly hav
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Clearly this section in unconstitut
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ional crystallization, of the idea
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That, the exparte application for t
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espect, after all is said, and writ
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to BAWATA’s Secretary General who
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From the above persuasive cases, I
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opinion, that where the Court used
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JudgeCourt: Now case to be referred
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the charge had already been entered
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was violative of her basic right as
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in that court, and in the course of
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In the result the appeal by the Dir
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that the proceedings before the Tri
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Prof. Shivji urged that when the ma
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Administered by inferior tribunals
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was found to be a nullity for irrat
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Those who espouse the narrow approa
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31. (1985) At p. 3532. One of the p
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Application on merits. Mandamus iss
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Those who exist above the people mu
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November 1986 they made a market su
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In the case at hand of course the a
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of each case, but it a fundamental
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I note that in the Advisory Committ
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The complaint is not that a person
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The applicants. Who were bidding in
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A paradigm,but not the only case of
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claims not to contain legal rules,
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743. All these cases show that it i
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as conclusive of the absence of a c
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The code is therefore framed in non
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“In my view to allow English citi
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eceive a further ⅔ per cent based
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alternative and that, reading the u
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On the morning of 25 November 1986
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The issue is thus whether the histo
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The Criminal Injuries Compensation
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part of decision - makers and for b
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Nothing that I have said can fetter
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underestimating the extent tot whic
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egulation” may be misleading. The
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More recently, in Reg. v. British B
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NICHOLLS L.J. I entirely agree with
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The code also contains some detaile
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appellant was tried on a count char
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founder parties should have used th
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(4) Since the case is based on aver
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Thus we held that any member of the
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procedure prescribed by Order 1, ru
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It is settled in our constitutional
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of judicial innovation to say that
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It follows from the foregoing that
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will not succeed. The court cannot
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The petition originally raised very
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disclosed in that context. He maint
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of the legislation and that there i
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…the restriction imposed at commo
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This provision, in my view, caters
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I agree and can not wish to add any
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It is contended by the petitioner t
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It extends to modification of those
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These amendments were, therefore, v
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courts in respect of the stay of su
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namely, an assembly or procession n
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of law and order. I provision like
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Until the Legislature makes appropr
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Page 225 and 226: in the Constitution? In that case t
Page 227 and 228: to appoint persons to offices in th
Page 229 and 230: I hereby certify that this is a tru
Page 231 and 232: It is sworn further that in the cou
Page 233 and 234: applicants. And if I may say now, a
Page 235 and 236: A part from the applicants obligati
Page 237 and 238: It seems that this issue once decid
Page 239 and 240: Finally, Mr. Werema made an alterna
Page 241 and 242: to find a case which shows there is
Page 243 and 244: Delivered.Dr. Lamwai for the Applic
Page 245 and 246: However, he pointed out that it is
Page 247 and 248: IN THE COURT OF APPEAL OF TANZANIAA
Page 249 and 250: anything, he was simply answering w
Page 251 and 252: appellants the opportunities of bei
Page 253 and 254: For these reasons we are satisfied
Page 255 and 256: jurisdiction to go wrong. Neither a
Page 257 and 258: Essentially these grounds are alleg
Page 259 and 260: in agreement. However, the advocate
Page 261 and 262: Attorney General was duly summoned,
Page 263 and 264: Once we hold as indeed we do, that
Page 265 and 266: surfaced from the very beginning. I
Page 267 and 268: of Dodoma Zone Mr. Mwambe duly inst
Page 269 and 270: 26 Act No. 16 of 198427 Chapter 360
Page 271 and 272: the case of Attorney-General v. Les
Page 273: 1991on the Democratic system in Tan
Page 277 and 278: public interest should not be too b
Page 279 and 280: operation was “thoroughly outdate
Page 281 and 282: In the final analysis, I find that
Page 283 and 284: J. dated the 24 th day of October,
Page 285 and 286: though we felt that the learned Sta
Page 287 and 288: (a). that every persons shall, when
Page 289 and 290: The more difficult question is whet
Page 291 and 292: Turning now to the requirement that
Page 293 and 294: The appeal is allowed with cast, an
Page 295 and 296: 6. Tanzania Air service ltd v minis
Page 297 and 298: A company (Cyanamid) register a pat
Page 299 and 300: 506 All England Law Reports (1975)
Page 301 and 302: a. patents in 1953 (Lowe) and 1954
Page 303 and 304: efore any question of balance of co
Page 305 and 306: object that I have indicated above
Page 307 and 308: this. Returning therefore to the in
Page 309 and 310: MAGNUM AGENCLES COMPANY LIMITED RES
Page 311 and 312: Without going into his locals stand
Page 313 and 314: BANK OF TANZANIA MWANZABut the prop
Page 315 and 316: Similarly the present record does n
Page 317 and 318: 78 TANZANIA LAW REPORTS (1987) T.L.
Page 319 and 320: Maina ,J This is an application to
Page 321 and 322: e made informally. But with respect
Page 323 and 324: 82 TANZANIA LAW REPORTS (1987)T.L.R
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Temeke, Dar es salaam, delivered in
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3. that the reference was in any ev
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2. that the application has no righ
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c.c.s.u v, minste for civil service
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communications headquarters (GCHQ)
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)2) of the European Convention on H
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dismiss persons refusing to accept
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matters relating to the dispassion
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extending he requirement of natural
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continue to be enjoyed although mig
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the grounds upon which administrati
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alter right or obligations enforcea
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I agree with your Lordships tat thi
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the appellants employment be termin
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The trial judge dismissed appellant
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the view that the appellant’s ter
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Court did not stop there. It consid
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In English I have been instructed t
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the respondents such order was gran
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to response to the .. of an appell
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Was Annex D.1 made in bad faith? Th
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when questioning the constitutional
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24 th May 1991 informing the appell
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We are therefore of the opinion tha
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him of that decision is in our view
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usurp the function of the High Cour
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MAUGHAM in maritime Elective C. Ltd
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We again agree with the learned jud
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However, the learned judge skipped
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filing of statements could not be s
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even to seem to express an opinion
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As we have already intimated the te
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the removal. But we reject the earl
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the Daily News and Uhuru newspapers
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M.D. BOMANIAg. JUSTICE OF APPEALJ.L
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Both parties are represented by cou
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THE SECUTITY FO EMPLOYMENT ACT 1964
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administrative law as seriously as
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interest are at stake. In any other
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the fundamentals of good administra
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mandamus should be made but it must
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6. EXERCISE OF DISCRETIONARY POWERS
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Mr. Mselem was at a loss to know un
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under s. 3 (3) of Cap. 104 and none
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affidavit and the representations o
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17 th June 1987 requiring him to le
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SongeaMohamed Ally Athumani now 54
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Ally Athumani PW1 had received. He
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Home is cases of ones in search of
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nothing about the subject matter as
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commissioner of Songea District was
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in all details to the one issued to
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approved by village Governments. DW
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forces that are always inconsistent
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under the Business licincing Act No
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applicants these could definitely n
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person against who he intends issue
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dealings. Expedient is not this Rep
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espondent to discharge its function
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(i) an order of certiorari 8 and se
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Mr. Mwaikusa argued that the releva
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that the Government has set on itse
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AT DODOMACIVIL CASE NO. 23 OF 1993J
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for Tabora Region . By a letter dat
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of the Constitution or the law of t
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Another important consideration und
Page 457 and 458:
have been taken into account, wheth
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withstanding the existence of an ou
Page 461 and 462:
arbitrary decision. And it offends
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to the Principal Secretary to the P
Page 465 and 466:
I heard long and interesting arqume
Page 467 and 468:
public interest; second, it is the
Page 469 and 470:
the former the Principal Secretary
Page 471 and 472:
I think I can dispose of this matte
Page 473 and 474:
the whole field of the law relating
Page 475 and 476:
declaration except in a negative so
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itom 108(1) of the First schedule t
Page 479 and 480:
egards the commission’s report, t
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RULLINGSAMATTA, JK:This is an appli
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impugned decision. As expected, I w
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(g) on retirement in circumstances,
Page 487 and 488:
etire otherwise than on disciplinar
Page 489 and 490:
(c) for pupose of facilitating impr
Page 491 and 492:
“Whatever pleases the emperor has
Page 493 and 494:
decision has, I agree with Mr Nasso
Page 495 and 496:
Before I part with this application
Page 497 and 498:
7. REMEDIES1. Ajit Gordhan v Direct
Page 499 and 500:
21. Simeon Manyaki v Executive Comm
Page 501 and 502:
of which was annexed to the affidav
Page 503 and 504:
The above position was enshrined in
Page 505 and 506:
such as damages or on injunction. T
Page 507 and 508:
Should the prayer then be granted i
Page 509 and 510:
No cases referred to.Omar and Musta
Page 511 and 512:
IN THE HIGH COURT OF TANZANIAAT DAR
Page 513 and 514:
alleged circumstance, it is further
Page 515 and 516:
Mr Mallaba has traced the history o
Page 517 and 518:
Mr. Kisusi submits further that sin
Page 519 and 520:
ANDESSO STANDARD TANZANIA LIMITED .
Page 521 and 522:
proceed by way certiorari. He can f
Page 523 and 524:
AT MWANZACORAM: OMAR, J.A. HNZAVAS,
Page 525 and 526:
G.N. 41/92, the second respondent i
Page 527 and 528:
ecause it violates Article 13 of th
Page 529 and 530:
tenants, one enjoying legal protect
Page 531 and 532:
the provisions of the Rent Restrict
Page 533 and 534:
Lastly, in ground 5 the appellants
Page 535 and 536:
R V Income Tax Special Purposes Cou
Page 537 and 538:
had interfered with the administrat
Page 539 and 540:
LORD TEMPLEMAN. Parliament makes th
Page 541 and 542:
LORD GRIFEITHS. My Lords, I have ha
Page 543 and 544:
Because of this, it is normally unn
Page 545 and 546:
students at his school; that he was
Page 547 and 548:
unnaturally took the view that the
Page 549 and 550:
solicitor later at about 12.30 am v
Page 551 and 552:
Mr Baker was arranged for 4 pm that
Page 553 and 554:
counsel with whem a conference took
Page 555 and 556:
easonably benevolent construction o
Page 557 and 558:
Lord Donalsdson MR described Mr Bak
Page 559 and 560:
was made without jurisdiction, then
Page 561 and 562:
Court has been given . If the appli
Page 563 and 564:
in the earlier case may have coused
Page 565 and 566:
As the Sovereign cannot authorize w
Page 567 and 568:
When dismissiong the action Romer I
Page 569 and 570:
the Crown. (In this summary 1 put o
Page 571 and 572:
emedy against theCrown was not conf
Page 573 and 574:
easonable doubt as to the identity
Page 575 and 576:
Section 23 (2) (2) refers to petiti
Page 577 and 578:
Corwn in general, then s 21 (2) wou
Page 579 and 580:
epresenting the Crown, the third th
Page 581 and 582:
obtain an injunction (see also Merr
Page 583 and 584:
A both because there would be an in
Page 585 and 586:
It is interesting to note the comme
Page 587 and 588:
prohivition or certiorari (b) the n
Page 589 and 590:
proceedings as was available to you
Page 591 and 592:
lack of jurisdiction to grant inter
Page 593 and 594:
egarded as being open to challenge
Page 595 and 596:
quite out of accord with practice,
Page 597 and 598:
The validity of the injunction gran
Page 599 and 600:
IN THE HIGH COURT OF TANZANIAAT SON
Page 601 and 602:
October; 1993, the Regional Commiss
Page 603 and 604:
statutory authority for doing so, t
Page 605 and 606:
egulation 10 as read with S. 55 (1)
Page 607 and 608:
(4) In such a case the tribunal, wh
Page 609 and 610:
the penalty demands notwithstanding
Page 611 and 612:
question I have posed and speaking
Page 613 and 614:
first two prayers, to wit, orders o
Page 615 and 616:
and illegally taking then away from
Page 617 and 618:
I conceded that as wrong in view of
Page 619 and 620:
unquestionability upon its decision
Page 621 and 622:
deciding what the decision-maker sh
Page 623 and 624:
ut the judges must observe the cons
Page 625 and 626:
intended to furtmore national polic
Page 627 and 628:
society. That observation applies t
Page 629 and 630:
In the event, the prayer for a decl
Page 631 and 632:
25 th January 1978. However on 5 th
Page 633 and 634:
missing from the trial court record
Page 635 and 636:
One of the conditions set out in th
Page 637 and 638:
(a) that up to the 5 th February, 1
Page 639 and 640:
With regard to this passage of the
Page 641 and 642:
Patman Garments Industries Limited
Page 643 and 644:
dishonoured, or if he had broken th
Page 645 and 646:
Decree of the High Court and declar
Page 647 and 648:
y the Institute during the 1983/84
Page 649 and 650:
obdurate if not- thoroughly uncoope
Page 651 and 652:
examination papers to NBAA for mode
Page 653 and 654:
against him, so that he could effec
Page 655 and 656:
maters as the leakage of examinatio
Page 657 and 658:
Q. Can you tell us anything strange
Page 659 and 660:
IN THE HIGH COURT OF TANZANIA\MAIN
Page 661 and 662:
against a government minister or de
Page 663 and 664:
injunctive relief is sought? Althou
Page 665 and 666:
appears to have done, to hold that
Page 667 and 668:
the applicant leave to apply review
Page 669:
669
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