OP-II-3

OP-III-B-2prepared by wet impregnation of the support with a nitrate solution of 10 wt% Ni. Thecatalyst (100-300 μm) was mixed with an inert solid (carborundum (37 μm) with acatalyst/inert mass ratio = 1/20) in order to improve the hydrodynamic properties ofthe catalytic bed. Before the reforming reaction, the catalyst was reduced at thereaction temperature for 2 h using H 2 -He flow with a H 2 content of 11 vol %.Results and discussionTable 1 shows the percentage of residual carbonaceous product deposited duringthe thermal treatment (by mass unit of the bio-oil in the feed). It is observed that anincrease in ethanol in the feed promotes a slightly smaller carbon deposition. Figure1 shows the evolution with time on stream of the selectivity of H 2 (expressed as molarpercentage of H 2 in the gaseous stream) during the steam reforming of bio-oil/ethanolmixtures. Initial H 2 selectivity increases and catalyst deactivation notably decreasesfor higher amounts of ethanol in the feed. The performance of a bio-oil/ethanolmixture with 40/60 mass ratio is very close to that of ethanol steam reforming.Table 1. Residual carbonaceous productdeposited in the thermal treatment at200 °C for different bio-oil/ethanolmixtures.Bio-oil/ethanol(wt%)100/080/2060/4040/600/100Referencesresidual carbon(wt%)33.432.727.626.80S H2, %8070605040Bio-oil / ethanol mass100/080/2060/4040/600/1000 50 100 150 200 250 300time on stream, minFigure 1. H 2 selectivity in bio-oil/ethanol steamreforming on a Ni/α-Al 2 O 3 catalyst. Reactionconditions: 700 °C, S/C = 5.8. G C1 HSV= 42000 h –1 .[1] Huber, G.W., Corma, A., Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 2007,46, 7184-7201.[2] Gayubo, A.G., Aguayo, A.T., Atutxa, A., Aguado, R., Olazar, M., Bilbao, J., Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.,2004, 43, 2619-2626.[3] Gayubo, A.G., Valle, B., Aguayo, A.T., Olazar, M., Bilbao, J., J. Chem. Technol Biotechnol., 2010,85, 132-144.[4] Gayubo, A.G., Valle, B., Aguayo, A.T., Olazar, M., Bilbao, J., Energy & Fuels, 2009, 23,4129-4136.AcknowledgementsThis work was carried out with the financial support of the Ministry of Science &Technology of the Spanish Government (Project CTQ2006-12006).184