OP-II-3

PP-III-35STUDIES ON PHYSICO-CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICSOF SILVER INDUCED IOTA-CARRAGEENAN EXTRACTEDBY ULTRASONIC METHODReddy Prasad D.M. 1 , Duduku Krishnaiah 2 , Awang Bono 2 , Kamatam Krishnaiah 3 ,Rosli bin Mohd Yunus 11 Faculty of Chemical & Natural resources Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang,26300Gambang, Kuantan, Pahang Darul Makmur, MALAYSIA, Tel: +609-5492381,Fax: +609-5492399. dmrprasad@ump.edu.my (or) dmrprasad@gmail.com2 School of Engineering and Information Technology, Universiti Malaysia Sabah,Locked Bag No. 2073, 88999 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia3 Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras,Chennai 600 036, IndiaExtraction is the key processing step for the recovery and purification of activeingredients of plant material. The traditional techniques of solvent extraction of plantmaterials are mostly based on the appropriate choice of solvents and the use of heatand/or agitation to increase the solubility of components and the rate of masstransfer. Usually, these techniques require long extraction time and have lowefficiency. Moreover, many natural products are thermally unstable and may degradeduring thermal extraction [1]. The key objective in any extraction procedure is toachieve high extraction efficiency at a reduced processing time. In this respect, aprocedure that could yield the highest yield of the effective constituents in a shorterprocessing time would be the ultrasonic assisted technology [2].A 20 kHz intensityultrasound was used in the extraction of iota- carrageenan from Eucheumdenticulatum seaweed by using water as solvent. In a simplified extractionprocedure, seaweed particles of 0.7125, 1.2 and 1.7 mm diameter were added to thesolvent and ultrasonicated at different ultrasonic amplitude levels, ranging from 2.08x 10 –06 m to 6.4 x 10 –06 m and the temperatures from 30°C to 60°C with 10°Cincrement. The maximum iota-carrageenan yield obtained was 57.2 %. Particlediameter variation during the extraction was found to be a linear equation. The solid–liquid mass transfer coefficient was correlated for ultrasound extraction of iotacarrageenanin terms of operating conditions employed in this investigation0.866 −0.533 0.133as K 0.1075( A )( D )( T )L= . The study suggests that ultrasound intensitypreduced the extraction time required, and improved the yield of iota-carrageenan by6%.504