Hydraulic ram pumps and Sling Pumps

Dirty Water: Estimated Deaths from Water-Related Disease 2000-2020, Peter H. GleickWater-based diseases come from hosts that live in water or require water for part of theirlife cycle. These diseases are usually passed to humans when they drink contaminatedwater or use it for washing. The most widespread examples in this category areschistosomiasis and dracunculiasis. Schistosomiasis currently infects 200 million peoplein 70 countries.The final category – water-related insect vectors – includes those diseases spread byinsects that breed or feed near contaminated water, such as malaria, onchocerciasis, anddengue fever. These diseases are not typically associated with lack of access to cleandrinking water or sanitation services, and they are not included here in estimates ofwater-related deaths. It must be noted, however, that their spread is often facilitated bythe construction of large-scale water systems that create conditions favorable to theirhosts.Table 2: Selected Water-Related Disease Morbidity and Mortality *DiseasesEstimated Morbidity(episodes per year orpeople infected)EstimatedMortality (deathsper year)Diarrheal diseases 1,000,000,000 2,200,000 to5,000,000Intestinal helminths1,500,000,000 (peopleinfected)Relationship of Disease toWater and SanitationConditionsStrongly related tounsanitary excreta disposal,poor personal and domestichygiene, unsafe drinkingwater100,000 Strongly related tounsanitary excreta disposal,poor personal and domestichygieneSchistosomiasis200,000,000 (peopleinfected)200,000 Strongly related tounsanitary excreta disposaland absence of nearbysources of safe waterDracunculiasis 150,000 (in 1996) --- Strongly related to unsafeTrachoma150,000,000 (activecases)drinking water--- Strongly related to lack offace washing, often due toabsence of nearby sourcesof safe waterPoliomyelitis 114,000 --- Related to unsanitaryexcreta disposal, poorpersonal and domestichygiene, unsafe drinkingwaterTrypanosomiasis 275,000 130,000 Related to the absence ofnearby sources of safe waterNotes to Table 2:This Table excludes mortality and morbidity associated with water-related insect vectors,such as malaria, onchocerciasis, and dengue fever.Trachoma: This is the number of cases of the active disease. Approximately 5,900,000cases of blindness or severe complications of Trachoma occur annually.Pacific Institute for Studies in Development, Environment, and Security • www.pacinst.org • page 3/12