Hydraulic ram pumps and Sling Pumps

GARNET - Global Applied Research Network - Hygiene Behaviour Network Newsletter Issue no. 2: June 1995Reasons for handwashing are described in table 2 below.Table 2. Reasons for handwashing:●●●●to remove contamination or "dirt";for cosmetic reasons;for comfort; andhandwashing before meals is thought to be sufficient.Adult human faeces and menstrual blood were among things perceived tobe most contaminating. Infant faeces and cow dung were not consideredto be dirty.In the Leeds primary school study a story about Mr Smiley was used toassess hygiene knowledge among the reception class children.The results for question c were 392 (72%) said wash his hands, 30 (6%)said something else and 122 (22%) said they didn't know. For question d354 (65%) said he should wash his hands, 18 (3%) said something elseand 172 (32%) said they didn't know. When asked why handwashing wasimportant 175 (33%) said to remove germs, 56 (10%) said to remove dirt,291 (54%) said they did not know why it was important and 15 (3%) saidbecause their mother said so. Children's knowledge was stronglyassociated with what they learned at school.Each child was given a hygiene knowledge score based on the number ofcorrect answers. This was compared with the faecal contamination foundon the child's hands. An association was found between this score and thehand counts: relative risk = 1.4, cl= 1.09-1.81, p= 0.005. From theinterviews with teachers, caretakers and nursery nurses the followingissues presented in table 3 were considered important.Table 3. Problems identified through interviews●●●lack of supervision in the toilets floors were often flooded due totaps being left running; (large quantities of toilet paper in the toiletsoften caused blockage);lack of hygiene knowledge in children at school and no backup fromhome; andinadequate provision of soap, hand towels and toilet paper in someschools.References:http://www.lboro.ac.uk/departments/cv/wedc/garnet/hybnews.html (4 of 20) [1/13/2005 12:50:12 PM]