Hydraulic ram pumps and Sling Pumps

GARNET - Global Applied Research Network - Hygiene Behaviour Network Newsletter Issue no. 2: June 1995Abstract:This paper reviews the application of epidemiological understanding ofdiarrhoeas disease to interventions in water and sanitation. Over the past20 years, great efforts have been made to elucidate the relationshipsbetween water supply, sanitation and diarrhoeal disease. At the outset, itwas hoped that improved understanding of these relations could provide arational framework for the planning of public health engineeringinterventions. This paper also reviews historical and recent perceptions ofwater, sanitation, and diarrhoea disease, and summarises progress todate. On the one hand, some fundamental ideas about the relativeimportance of water quality and quantity in the transmission of diarrhoealdisease have changed, and there is increased recognition of the complexinterrelationships between interventions, hygiene behaviour and health.On the other hand, our understanding of the impact of interventions ispainfully incomplete, and is unlikely to improve dramatically in the nearfuture. While further research can usefully illustrate a variety of interactionsin specific contexts, globally applicable planning guidelines and designcriteria appear a dangerous will-o'-the-wisp. While we know more thanever before about water, sanitation and diarrhoea, much remainsunknown, and is perhaps unknowable.Address:London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine,UK.5. Wilson-JM; Chandler-GN. (1993) Sustained improvements in hygienebehaviour amongst village women in Lombok, Indonesia. Trans-R-Soc-Trop-Med-Hva. 87(6): 615-6.Abstract:Fifty-seven mothers in Indonesia were involved in a face-to-face healtheducation programme which encouraged hand-washing with soap. Theintervention spanned 4 months and comprised fortnightly visits by 2community organisers, who supplied free soap. Two years after theintervention, 79% of mothers were still using hand soap, despite the factthat they now had to buy it themselves. The community seemed to bebenefiting from a sustained reduction in diarrhoea episodes due toimproved hygiene practices.Address ?6. Baltazar-JC; Tiglao-TV; Tempongko-SB. (1993) Hygiene behaviour andhospitalised severe childhood diarrhoea: a case-control study. Bull-Worldhttp://www.lboro.ac.uk/departments/cv/wedc/garnet/hybnews.html(13 of 20) [1/13/2005 12:50:12 PM]