Hydraulic ram pumps and Sling Pumps

Key Factors for Sustainable Cost RecoveryTable 5: Gradual transfer of managerial and financial responsibilities from government tocommunities of existing rural water supply systems, in NamibiaResponsibilitiesPhase 1Capacity-buildingPhase 2Operation & MaintenancePhase 3Full Cost RecoveryOwnership ofinstallations! : 100% Leasehold agreement ": 100 %Buying ofconsumables (fuel,oil, grease)Financing ofroutinemaintenanceMajor repairs andreplacement! : 100%Gradual phasing out! : 75% ": 25%! : 50% ": 50%! : 25% ": 75 %": 100 %! : 100% ! : 75% ": 25 % ": 100 %Operational responsibility! : 80% # : 20%Financial responsibility! : 100%Operational responsibility! : 80% # : 20%Financial responsibility! : 100%Operational responsibility"80% # : 20%Financial responsibility"100%Legenda Source: Directorate of the rural water supply of Namibia (1998)! = Government (Rural Water Supply Directorate)" = Community (Water Point Association, including local caretaker)# = Private sector (Workshops with specialised equipment and staff)Possible distribution of responsibility for the O&M of a handpumpThe following example corresponds to a situation where communities own and manage theirhandpumps. Communities still depend on specialised mechanics for technical know-how and services,for which they have to pay. Moreover, transferring some responsibilities to communities still leavesthe government with responsibility for water quality control, development of an effective spare partsdistribution system, and in many cases, rehabilitation and replacement. Unfortunately, water qualitycontrol is rarely, if at all, done in rural areas, and it may be necessary to include simple water qualitycontrol devices which communities can afford.Table 6: Operation & maintenance tasks for a handpumpO&M tasksMonitor handpump use and encourage proper use; check all nuts and bolts, andtighten if necessary; measure output per stroke and compare with expected output;check and adjust pump handle and stuffing box; grease or oil all hinge pins,bearings, or sliding parts; clean the pump, well head, concrete apron, and drainagearea; check well head, concrete apron, drainage area; repair cracks; record alloperation and maintenance activities in notebook.Disassemble pump, check drop pipe, cylinder, leathers and foot valve. Checkcorrosion and wear. Repair or replace if necessary.OperationalresponsibilityFinancialresponsibility" ""& # "Conduct water test for micro-biological contamination; conduct water level checkand well yield test. ! !In case of contamination, locate and correct source of contamination, and disinfect;adjust cylinder setting if necessary; reconditioning or replacement of handpumpwhen fully worn# or ! "& !Manage a stock of spare parts, tools and supplies"& # & !Legenda Source : Adapted from Wash (1993)" = Community# = Local mechanic / private sector! = Government23