Hydraulic ram pumps and Sling Pumps

GARNET - Global Applied Research Network - Hygiene Behaviour Network Newsletter Issue no. 2: June 1995Department of Social Sciences,Mahidol University,Bangkok,Thailand.3. Ekanem-EE; Adedeji-OT; Akitoye-CO. (1994) Environmental andbehavioural risk factors for prolonged diarrhoea in Nigerian children. J-Diarrhoeal-Dis-Res. 12(1): 19-24.Abstract:Prolonged diarrhoea is a particular health concern because it contributessignificantly to diarrhoea-related deaths. Studies of risk factors forprolonged or persistent diarrhoea are virtually non-existent in Africa. In thepresent study conducted in a semi-urban area of Lagos, we used a casecontroldesign to evaluate the roles of household environment, mothers'food hygiene behaviour, and child-care practices as possible risk factorsfor prolonged diarrhoea in children 6-36 months old.A total of 628 children were studied. During the 3 1/2 months surveillanceperiod, 166 children became ill with diarrhoea and 20 of the 166 (12.0%)had prolonged episodes (> 7 days). Persistent diarrhoea (> 14 days)accounted for only 2.4% (6 of 251) of all episodes. This analysis of riskfactors is focused on the 20 cases of prolonged diarrhoea and 206randomly selected controls who experienced no diarrhoea during thesurveillance period. A significantly high risk of prolonged diarrhoea wasfound among children who were given ogi, a maize pap, as the main diet(odds ratio = 4.13). Children who were fed mainly with foods bought fromstreet vendors also had a significantly higher risk (odds ratio = 2.91) ofprolonged diarrhoea. No association was found between domestic,environmental, and personal hygiene practices and prolonged diarrhoea.Foods from street vendors may serve as one source of diarrhoea illnessesin Lagos and such episodes could be prolonged following repeatedexposure, especially in children who are fed mainly with a low-energy andlow-nutrient-density diet such as ogi.Address:Department of Community Health,College of Medicine,University of Lagos,Nigeria.4. Kolsky-PJ. (1993) Diarrhoeal disease: current concepts and futurechallenges. Water, sanitation and diarrhoea: the limits of understanding.Trans-R-Soc-Trop-Med-Hva. 87 Suppl 3:43-6.http://www.lboro.ac.uk/departments/cv/wedc/garnet/hybnews.html (12 of 20) [1/13/2005 12:50:12 PM]