The Clinical Guide to Supportive and Palliative Care for HIV/AIDS

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A Clinical Guide to Supportive and Palliative Care for HIV/AIDS • Chapter 6: Pulmonary SymptomsTable 6-4: Treatment of Potentially Reversible Causes of Dyspnea26 picasCause of Dyspnea Physical Signs Treatment Options RouteInhaledInhaled, IV, PO, SC, PRBronchodilators – adrenergic and anticholinergicCorticosteroidsWheezingDecreased air movementNonproductive coughBronchospasmPO, IV, IMPO, IVPO, SC, IV, PRInhaledDiureticsCardiac medicationsMorphineOxygenInspiratory ralesEdemaElevated JVPOrthopneaCongestive Heart FailurePO, IV, IMPOPO, IV, SCPO, IV, SC, PRInhaledAntibioticsExpectorantsCautious hydrationMorphine for pain/dyspneaOxygenProductive cough with changing sputumLocalized rales or consolidationFever, chillsBacterial PneumoniaPO, IVPO, IV, SC, PRAntibioticsCorticosteroidsNonproductive coughHypoxemia, pain, dyspneaPneumocystis cariniiTuberculosisFever, coughAntibacterial drugsPO, IVThoracentesisPleurodesis (early) if malignant etiologyPleuroperitoneal shuntDullness and decreased air movementin lower lung field with radiographicor ultrasound confirmationPleural EffusionsExternal radiationAirway stentCorticosteroidsBenzodiazepinesOpioidsBarbiturates for anxiety or sedation (see text)Stridor – especially inspiratorySevere shortness of breathRisk factors, such as neck ormediastinal malignancyExtrinsic airway compressionPO, IV, SC, PRPO, IV, SC, PRPO, IV, SC, PRPO, IV, IM, PR146U.S. Department of Health and Human Services • Health Resources and Services Administration • HIV/AIDS Bureau
A Clinical Guide to Supportive and Palliative Care for HIV/AIDS • Chapter 6: Pulmonary Symptoms26 picasTable 6-4: Treatment of Potentially Reversible Causes of Dyspnea (continued)Cause of Dyspnea Physical Signs Treatment Options RouteIntrinsic airway obstructionWorsening dyspneaDistal absent breath sounds orlocalized wheezingRisk factors, like scarring,bronchogenic cancerBronchoscopic laser treatmentInternal radioisotope applicationAirway stentCopious airway secretionsDiffuse rhonchi, especially overupper airwaysIneffective or absent coughAnticholinergic drugsAntihistaminesDehydrationPO, SC, IVPO, IM, PRPulmonary embolismSudden onset of dyspneaRisk factors for venous thrombosisAnticoagulation - heparinLow molecular weight heparinWarfarinIV, SCSCPOVIU.S. Department of Health and Human Services • Health Resources and Services Administration • HIV/AIDS Bureau 147
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DedicationA Clinical Guide to Suppo
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Lynn A Jansen, RN, PhDAssistant Res
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TABLE OF CONTENTSPart IChapter 1Cha
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IChapter 1.26 picasHIV and Palliati
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IA Clinical Guide to Supportive and
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A Clinical Guide to Supportive and
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IIIChapter 3.Assessment of Physical
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Chapter 10.26 picasPsychiatric Prob
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Chapter 11.26 picas Substance Use P
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Chapter 14.26 picasCulture and Care
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Chapter 15.26 picasSpecial Populati
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Chapter 17.26 picasEthical IssuesLy
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Chapter 18.26 picasLegal and Financ
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Chapter 19.Palliative 26 picas Care
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Chapter 21.26 picas Patient-Clinici
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Chapter 23.26 picas Medical Care in
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Chapter 25.26 picas Prevention of S
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Chapter 26.26 picasResourcesMagda B
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DRUGS AND THERAPIES INDEXNOTES: Ent
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The Clinical Guide to Supportive and Palliative Care for HIV/AIDS

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