Development of Karl Fischer Reagents

More documents

Recommendations

Info

2. Natural Products Key Points Substance Silver fir leaves Tree roots Pollen Pine resin Rosin Dehydrated solvents General-use " Sugar-type Ketone-type " Sample Quantity (g) Chapter III: Applications - 2 Natural products vary widely and the appropriate Karl Fischer titration should be selected to suit the particular sample. Direct titration is used for substances that dissolve in dehydrated solvent or that are unstable when heated. If the sample is stable when heated, use the moisture vaporization method. The heating temperature must be considered carefully when using that method. If the temperature is too high the breakdown of the substance could lead to interference. (For example, the end point may not be reached, or the analytical results that are obtained may be abnormally high.) Karl Fischer titration can be carried out using either volumetric or coulometric methods, but volumetric titration is probably more suitable since natural products tend to have a high moisture content. [Examples of Measurement] (1) Volumetric titration Reagents used: Karl Fischer Reagent SS-Z (or SS) Dehydrated Solvent GEX, KTX, SU (or MS, CM,FM) 25-50ml Substance Heating Temperature ( � C) 0.0462 0.0279 0.0071 1.0106 0.7388 Sample Quantity (g) Measurement Value (mg) 3.12 2.53 0.64 0.74 6.15 Measurement Value (mg) Moisture Content (%) 6.76 9.07 9.0 0.073 0.832 (2) Moisture vaporization - Volumetric titration Reagents used: Karl Fischer Reagent SS-Z (or SS) Dehydrated Solvent GEX (or MS) + PG (3:1) 50-100ml Moisture Content (%) Pine resin 130 1.6708 0.83 0.050 189
III-4. Minerals and Natural Products (3) Coulometric titration Reagents used: Aquamicron AX (or AS) 100ml Aquamicron CXU 5ml (4) Moisture vaporization - Coulometric titration Reagents used: Aquamicron AX (or AS) 150ml Aquamicron CXU 10ml 190 Substance Raw lacquer Processed lacquer Substance Silver fir leaves Tree roots Sample Quantity (g) 0.0247 0.1211 Heating Temperature ( � C) 130 100 Measurement Value (µg) 3466 3810 Sample Quantity (g) 0.0541 0.0189 Moisture Content (%) 14.00 03.15 Measurement Value (µg) 3800 1723 Moisture Content (%) 7.02 9.12
Page 2 and 3:
Introduction The methods used to an
Page 4:
eagents and analytical methods. As
Page 7 and 8:
5. Officiak Testing Methods and Doc
Page 9 and 10:
8 6.Goument Foods, etc. III-3.Pharm
Page 12 and 13:
Chapter I: Basic Knowledge Chapter
Page 14 and 15:
Chapter I: Basic Knowledge at a tim
Page 16 and 17:
following formula: Chapter I: Basic
Page 18 and 19:
[Procedures] Chapter I: Basic Knowl
Page 20 and 21:
Chapter I: Basic Knowledge electrod
Page 22 and 23:
! Electrolysis cell Titration syste
Page 24 and 25:
1. Karl Fischer Reagent SS-Z, SS Ch
Page 26 and 27:
! Helpful hint - 4 Chapter I: Basic
Page 28 and 29:
[Characteristics] Chapter I: Basic
Page 30 and 31:
[Characteristics] [Applications] Ch
Page 32 and 33:
[Characteristics] [Applications] Ch
Page 34 and 35:
Chapter I: Basic Knowledge a) No es
Page 36 and 37:
2. Electrolytes for use with Ketone
Page 38 and 39:
3. Applicability of Karl Fischer Ti
Page 40 and 41:
Q9 Chapter I: Basic Knowledge What
Page 42 and 43:
Chapter I: Basic Knowledge Na2S2O5+
Page 44 and 45:
Chapter I: Basic Knowledge (3) Sila
Page 46 and 47:
Chapter I: Basic Knowledge Measurin
Page 48 and 49:
[Procedures] Chapter I: Basic Knowl
Page 50 and 51:
Chapter I: Basic Knowledge (3) Usin
Page 52 and 53:
Q12 Chapter I: Basic Knowledge How
Page 54 and 55:
Silicon rubber Figure 6: Sampling S
Page 56 and 57:
Chapter I: Basic Knowledge (2) Syri
Page 58 and 59:
Chapter I: Basic Knowledge (1) Upri
Page 60 and 61:
Aquamicron CXU 5. Official Testing
Page 62 and 63:
2. Japan Pharmaceutical Codex (Revi
Page 64 and 65:
5. Japan LPG Association Standards
Page 66 and 67:
Chapter I: Basic Knowledge Part 2:
Page 68 and 69:
Chapter I: Basic Knowledge 6. Impor
Page 70 and 71:
Chapter II: Applications - 1 Chapte
Page 72 and 73:
Chapter II: Applications - 1 Chapte
Page 74 and 75:
Chapter II: Applications - 1 [Examp
Page 76 and 77:
Examples of substances that can be
Page 78 and 79:
Page 80 and 81:
(2) Coulometric titration Reagents
Page 82 and 83:
Page 84 and 85:
Page 86 and 87:
7. Aldehydes Key Points Chapter II:
Page 88 and 89:
Chapter II: Applications - 1 1) Sam
Page 90 and 91:
8. Organic Acids Key Points Chapter
Page 92 and 93:
Page 94 and 95:
10. Organic Acid Salts Key Points C
Page 96 and 97:
Page 98 and 99:
Chapter II: Applications - 1 Substa
Page 100 and 101:
Substance pKa Sample quantity (g) C
Page 102 and 103:
Page 104 and 105:
Substance Semicarbazide hydrochlori
Page 106 and 107:
17. Acid Anhydrides Key Points Chap
Page 108 and 109:
20. Peroxides Key Points Chapter II
Page 110 and 111:
[Examples of Measurement] (1) Volum
Page 112 and 113:
Chapter II: Applications - 1 1-Phen
Page 114 and 115:
1. Metals and Simple Substances Key
Page 116 and 117:
2. Inorganic Acids Key Points Chapt
Page 118 and 119:
Chapter II: Applications - 1 b) Tit
Page 120 and 121:
Substance Calcium hydroxide " Magne
Page 122 and 123:
5. Halides (halogenides) Key Points
Page 124 and 125:
Substance Potassium chloride " Lith
Page 126 and 127:
7. Sulfates, Sulfites Key Points Ch
Page 128 and 129:
8. Other Salts Key Points Chapter I
Page 130 and 131:
9. Inorganic Gases Key Points Chapt
Page 132 and 133:
Chapter III: Applications - 2 Chapt
Page 134 and 135:
Chapter III: Applications - 2 Chapt
Page 136 and 137:
2. Agricultural Chemicals Key Point
Page 138 and 139:
[Examples of Measurement] (1) Volum
Page 140 and 141: Chapter III: Applications - 2 (4) C
Page 142 and 143: Substance LPG Ethylene Propane Buta
Page 144 and 145: 6. Petroleum Products Key Points Ch
Page 146 and 147: Substance Dehydrated solvents [Insu
Page 148 and 149: 7. Plastics Key Points Chapter III:
Page 150 and 151: [Examples of Measurement] (1) Moist
Page 152 and 153: Raw rubber NR SBR BR CR NBR Vulcani
Page 154 and 155: Substance 10. Dyestuff Intermediate
Page 156 and 157: (2) Coulometric titration Reagents
Page 158 and 159: Chapter III: Applications - 2 such
Page 160 and 161: Chapter III: Applications - 2 (2) M
Page 162 and 163: Substance Epoxy resins (powder) Iso
Page 164 and 165: (4) Moisture vaporization - Coulome
Page 166 and 167: Substance Sample Quantity (g) Measu
Page 168 and 169: III-2. Foodstuffs Chapter III: Appl
Page 172 and 173: 2. Cereals and Dried Vegetables Key
Page 174 and 175: 3. Sugars and Condiments Key Points
Page 176 and 177: Chapter III: Applications - 2 [Exam
Page 178 and 179: Substance Heating Temperature ( �
Page 182 and 183: Chapter III: Applications - 2 [Exam
Page 184 and 185: Substance Dehydrated solvents Sampl
Page 186 and 187: Substance Dehydrated solvents Sampl
Page 188 and 189: [Examples of Measurement] (1) Volum
Page 192 and 193: Chapter IV: List of Karl Fischer Re
Page 200 and 201: ChapterV: Summary of Selection Proc
Page 202 and 203: Index 202
Page 204 and 205: Index B: Bakelite paper ��
Page 206 and 207: Index Cyclohexanol ��
Page 208 and 209: Index (L-) Histidine ��
Page 210 and 211: Index (p-) Nitrophenol ��
Page 212 and 213: Index Sodium 5'-guanylate ��
Page 214 and 215: 214
Page 216 and 217: 216
Page 218 and 219: 218 copyright©2004by API Corporati
Page 220: Printed in Japan Rev. 3
show all

Development of Karl Fischer Reagents

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?