Development of Karl Fischer Reagents

Chapter I: Basic Knowledge
(1) Upright solid sampling bottle
An upright solid sampling bottle (Figure 11) is used for ordinary
powdered, granular or lumpy samples. This type of sampling bottle is
used frequently.
(2) Angled solid sampling bottle
A drawback with upright sampling bottles is that the sample must be
shaken to some extent to make it drop to the bottom. The angled bottle
solves this problem by means of a half-rotational bend that allows the
sample to fall (Figures 12, 13). The angled-neck bottle is especially
suitable for plastic pellets.
(3) Trace solid sampling bottle
This container (Figure 14) is used to obtain extremely small amounts of
samples with a high moisture content. It is suitable for powdered
samples.
(4) Syringe-type sampling bottle
The syringe-type sampling bottle (Figure 15) is used for consolidated
powders and viscous solids. The sample is drawn into the syringe by
pulling out the plunger, and then expelled the contents into the system by
pushing in the plunger.
(5) Sampling bottle for semi-solids
This container (Figure 16) is used for high-viscosity samples, such as
greases. The sample is first taken onto the sampling spoon (A), which is
then weighed together with the bottle (B). Next, the sample is inserted
into the titration flask together with the sampling spoon. The spoon is
stirred for a period to allow the sample to dissolve. On completion of the
measurement the sampling spoon is returned to the sampling bottle,
which is then weighed. The difference between the two weights is the
weight of the sample.
Figure 11:
Upright Sampling Bottle
Figure 12:
Angled Sampling Bottle
Figure 13:
Angled-neck Sampling Bottle
57