FINANCIAL REPORTING AND ETHICSLayout <strong>of</strong> answer13. Tabulate where appropriate, using block capitals for your main headings <strong>and</strong>underline subheadings. Underline words or phrases which require emphasis. Usea ruler.14. Leave a line between your paragraphs <strong>and</strong> subparagraphs. This makes for a goodlayout. However, do not write one very other line within paragraphs, or on oneside <strong>of</strong> the paper only – examiners are waste conscious!15. <strong>The</strong> use <strong>of</strong> different colour pens, where appropriate, is useful but do not overdo it.In fact, one black <strong>and</strong> red felt-tip pen would be sufficient (use the felt-tip penswhich have a fine point).Charts <strong>and</strong> diagrams16. A descriptive heading or title must be given to each diagram (using the one in thequestion if indicated).17. Do not squeeze a diagram into a corner – spread it out.18. Do not clutter your diagram up with too much details – this defeats the object,which should be clarity.20. Give a key to the symbols <strong>and</strong> the different lines you’ve used, <strong>and</strong> again – use aruler.End <strong>of</strong> examination procedure20. Have a quick look at each answer, checking for grammatical errors <strong>and</strong> badlyformed letters.21. Ensure each answer sheet has your number on it <strong>and</strong> do not leave any lying onthe table.Conclusion22. Good technique plays a large part in examination success; this is a fact. Refuse tobe panicked, keep your head, <strong>and</strong> with reasonable preparation you should makeit.23. Remember – you do not have to score 100% to pass.24. A final point; once you’re in the examination room, stay there <strong>and</strong> make use <strong>of</strong>every minute at your disposal.25. Practice your technique when answering the questions set in the302
INDEXAAbsorption, 17, 19, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 46, 48,49, 50, 64, 65, 67, 68, 293, 295, 303Accounting Method, 17, 293Accounting St<strong>and</strong>ard Board, 2, 17, 89Accounting St<strong>and</strong>ards, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 68, 84,86, 89, 90, 91, 92, 101, 110, 111, 119, 120,147, 155, 164, 166, 173, 178, 180, 210, 211,221, 222, 236, 239, 249, 263, 271, 274, 275,278, 289, 290, 293, 297, 301Advance Fee Frauds,151Advocacy Threat, 192, 198, 205, 243, 248Agency Problems, 207, 210, 212, 239, 240,242, 274, 275All Services, 195Amalgamation, Absorption <strong>and</strong> Reconstruction,19Annual General Meeting,14, 69, 160, 230, 231Applied <strong>Ethics</strong>, 118, 119, 121, 122, 183, 184Aristotlelism, 125Articles <strong>of</strong> Association, 154, 155ASSETS,16, 33Assets, 2, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 13, 14, 16, 17,20, 21, 23, 24, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 33, 34,38, 39, 41, 42, 44, 45, 46, 48, 50, 51, 56,57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 63, 65, 71, 72, 74, 75,76, 79, 82, 85, 87, 91, 92, 93, 95, 97,100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107,108, 156, 158, 159, 163, 164, 166, 168,208, 209, 219, 225, 243, 254, 255, 256,263, 267, 274, 275, 279, 285, 286, 289,290, 293, 294, 296Audit Committee,69, 161, 164, 211 230231, 232, 233, 242Audits, 165, 196, 252, 254Bad <strong>and</strong> Doubtful Debts, 9, 10Basic Earnings Per Share, 293Benchmarking Governance, 213, 216Borrowing Costs, 95, 111, 289BCCadbury Report, 225Capital Gearing Ratio, 81Capital Reconstruction, 19, 50, 51, 52, 54, 55,56, 57, 59, 58, 65, 293Capital Reduction, 19, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 57,58, 59, 62, 63, 64, 65Cash <strong>and</strong> Short-Term Funds, 11, 17Cash Equivalent, 91, 264Central Bank <strong>of</strong> Nigeria, 2, 3, 5, 11, 12, 17<strong>Chartered</strong> <strong>Institute</strong> <strong>of</strong> Taxation, 3Classification <strong>of</strong> Ratios, 73Conceptual FrameWork,194conceptual framework, 194, 202, 205Confidentiality, 117, 129, 130, 131, 151, 169,173, 179, 174, 177, 178, 179, 180, 184,187, 195, 202, 234, 259, 273, 287Consolidated <strong>and</strong> Separate <strong>Financial</strong> Statements,5, 97, 98, 99, 290Construction Contracts, 4, 6, 91, 92, 103, 167,289, 290Consultancy, 131, 235, 237Corporate Affairs Commission, 3, 5, 135, 154,159, 163, 164, 226, 233, 270Corporate Finance Services, 197, 205Corporate Governance, 152, 191, 193, 200, 207,208, 209, 211, 212, 215, 216, 223, 224,225, 226, 231, 233, 239, 240, 241, 242,258, 274, 297Creative Accounting, 191DDebentures, 22, 27, 29, 30, 32, 33, 42, 43,44, 51, 64, 65, 72, 81, 153, 158, 159, 273Debentures Trust Deed, 159Deferred Taxation, 10, 13Deontology, 144, 179, 180, 269, 287Depreciation, 4, 8, 9, 10, 13, 30, 71, 94, 104,166, 167, 277, 278, 289, 290Dilemma, 116, 137, 138, 144, 183, 184, 188,201, 234, 236, 240, 270Dilution, 281, 294Dividend Cover, 79, 88Dividend Per Share, 79, 88, 281Dividend Yield,79Doctrine <strong>of</strong> Original Sin,265, 269Due Care,151, 173, 178, 184, 266Due care,273due care,129, 130, 235, 259EEarnings Yield, 79, 88Eco-Accounting, 268Egoism, 120, 123, 294Emotion <strong>and</strong> Reason, 120Employees, 4, 14, 44, 116, 130, 131, 133, 134,135, 148, 177, 204, 211, 212, 219, 222,223, 227, 235, 242, 243, 245, 246, 247,249, 250, 252, 254, 270, 271, 287, 290Enforcement <strong>and</strong> Compliance, 233Environmental Cost Accounting, 256Environmental Management Accounting, 256,275Exceptional Items, 167, 295303
- Page 4:
FINANCIAL REPORTING AND ETHICS1.3.3
- Page 11 and 12:
ACCOUNTING AND REPORTING POLICIESsu
- Page 13 and 14:
ACCOUNTING AND REPORTING POLICIES(j
- Page 15 and 16:
ACCOUNTING AND REPORTING POLICIES(i
- Page 17 and 18:
ACCOUNTING AND REPORTING POLICIES2.
- Page 19 and 20:
3AMALGAMATION, ABSORPTION ANDRECONS
- Page 21 and 22:
AMALGAMATION, ABSORPTION AND RECONS
- Page 23 and 24:
AMALGAMATION, ABSORPTION AND RECONS
- Page 25 and 26:
AMALGAMATION, ABSORPTION AND RECONS
- Page 27 and 28:
AMALGAMATION, ABSORPTION AND RECONS
- Page 29 and 30:
AMALGAMATION, ABSORPTION AND RECONS
- Page 31 and 32:
AMALGAMATION, ABSORPTION AND RECONS
- Page 33 and 34:
AMALGAMATION, ABSORPTION AND RECONS
- Page 35 and 36:
AMALGAMATION, ABSORPTION AND RECONS
- Page 37 and 38:
AMALGAMATION, ABSORPTION AND RECONS
- Page 39 and 40:
AMALGAMATION, ABSORPTION AND RECONS
- Page 41 and 42:
AMALGAMATION, ABSORPTION AND RECONS
- Page 43 and 44:
AMALGAMATION, ABSORPTION AND RECONS
- Page 45 and 46:
AMALGAMATION, ABSORPTION AND RECONS
- Page 47 and 48:
AMALGAMATION, ABSORPTION AND RECONS
- Page 49 and 50:
AMALGAMATION, ABSORPTION AND RECONS
- Page 51 and 52:
AMALGAMATION, ABSORPTION AND RECONS
- Page 53 and 54:
AMALGAMATION, ABSORPTION AND RECONS
- Page 55 and 56:
AMALGAMATION, ABSORPTION AND RECONS
- Page 57 and 58:
AMALGAMATION, ABSORPTION AND RECONS
- Page 59 and 60:
AMALGAMATION, ABSORPTION AND RECONS
- Page 61 and 62:
AMALGAMATION, ABSORPTION AND RECONS
- Page 63 and 64:
AMALGAMATION, ABSORPTION AND RECONS
- Page 65 and 66:
AMALGAMATION, ABSORPTION AND RECONS
- Page 67 and 68:
4ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION TION O
- Page 69 and 70:
ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF FINA
- Page 71 and 72:
ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF FINA
- Page 73 and 74:
ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF FINA
- Page 75 and 76:
ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF FINA
- Page 77 and 78:
ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF FINA
- Page 79 and 80:
ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF FINA
- Page 81 and 82:
ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF FINA
- Page 83 and 84:
ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF FINA
- Page 85 and 86:
ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF FINA
- Page 87 and 88:
ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF FINA
- Page 89 and 90:
5ACCOUNTING STANDARDS5.0 LEARNING O
- Page 91 and 92:
ACCOUNTING STANDARDS(i)(ii)(iii)(iv
- Page 93 and 94:
ACCOUNTING STANDARDSThere is no SAS
- Page 95 and 96:
ACCOUNTING STANDARDS5.2.4 Borrowing
- Page 97 and 98:
ACCOUNTING STANDARDS(iii)Certain pe
- Page 99 and 100:
ACCOUNTING STANDARDSby venture capi
- Page 101 and 102:
ACCOUNTING STANDARDSIFRS 7 Financia
- Page 103 and 104:
ACCOUNTING STANDARDSactivity, non-c
- Page 105 and 106:
ACCOUNTING STANDARDSin the year inc
- Page 107 and 108:
ACCOUNTING STANDARDS(v)(vi)(vii)whe
- Page 109 and 110:
ACCOUNTING STANDARDS(v)Actions requ
- Page 111 and 112:
ACCOUNTING STANDARDSAccounting stud
- Page 113 and 114:
6ETHICAL FRAMEWORK, CONCEPTSAND VAL
- Page 115 and 116:
ETHICAL FRAMEWORK, CONCEPTS AND VAL
- Page 117 and 118:
ETHICAL FRAMEWORK, CONCEPTS AND VAL
- Page 119 and 120:
ETHICAL FRAMEWORK, CONCEPTS AND VAL
- Page 121 and 122:
ETHICAL FRAMEWORK, CONCEPTS AND VAL
- Page 123 and 124:
ETHICAL FRAMEWORK, CONCEPTS AND VAL
- Page 125 and 126:
ETHICAL FRAMEWORK, CONCEPTS AND VAL
- Page 127 and 128:
ETHICAL FRAMEWORK, CONCEPTS AND VAL
- Page 129 and 130:
ETHICAL FRAMEWORK, CONCEPTS AND VAL
- Page 131 and 132:
ETHICAL FRAMEWORK, CONCEPTS AND VAL
- Page 133 and 134:
ETHICAL FRAMEWORK, CONCEPTS AND VAL
- Page 135 and 136:
ETHICAL FRAMEWORK, CONCEPTS AND VAL
- Page 137 and 138:
ETHICAL FRAMEWORK, CONCEPTS AND VAL
- Page 139 and 140:
ETHICAL FRAMEWORK, CONCEPTS AND VAL
- Page 141 and 142:
ETHICAL FRAMEWORK, CONCEPTS AND VAL
- Page 143 and 144:
ETHICAL FRAMEWORK, CONCEPTS AND VAL
- Page 145 and 146:
ETHICAL FRAMEWORK, CONCEPTS AND VAL
- Page 147 and 148:
7THE ENVIRONMENT: CORPORATE,PROFESS
- Page 149 and 150:
THE ENVIRONMENT: CORPORATE, PROFESS
- Page 151 and 152:
THE ENVIRONMENT: CORPORATE, PROFESS
- Page 153 and 154:
THE ENVIRONMENT: CORPORATE, PROFESS
- Page 155 and 156:
THE ENVIRONMENT: CORPORATE, PROFESS
- Page 157 and 158:
THE ENVIRONMENT: CORPORATE, PROFESS
- Page 159 and 160:
THE ENVIRONMENT: CORPORATE, PROFESS
- Page 161 and 162:
THE ENVIRONMENT: CORPORATE, PROFESS
- Page 163 and 164:
THE ENVIRONMENT: CORPORATE, PROFESS
- Page 165 and 166:
THE ENVIRONMENT: CORPORATE, PROFESS
- Page 167 and 168:
THE ENVIRONMENT: CORPORATE, PROFESS
- Page 169 and 170:
THE ENVIRONMENT: CORPORATE, PROFESS
- Page 171 and 172:
8PROFESSIONAL ETHICS8. 0 LEARNING O
- Page 173 and 174:
PROFESSIONAL ETHICSobjectivity are
- Page 175 and 176:
PROFESSIONAL ETHICS(c)(d)The type o
- Page 177 and 178:
PROFESSIONAL ETHICSabout conflicts
- Page 179 and 180:
PROFESSIONAL ETHICS(d)(e)Confidenti
- Page 181 and 182:
PROFESSIONAL ETHICSA. III onlyB. II
- Page 183 and 184:
9DECISION MAKING IN ETHICS9. 0 LEAR
- Page 185 and 186:
DECISION MAKING IN ETHICS9.2 A FRAM
- Page 187 and 188:
ETHICAL THREATS AND SAFEGUARDS(d)We
- Page 189 and 190:
DECISION MAKING IN ETHICS4. A perso
- Page 191 and 192:
10ETHICAL THREATS TS AND SAFEGUARDS
- Page 193 and 194:
ETHICAL THREATS AND SAFEGUARDS(iv)(
- Page 195 and 196:
ETHICAL THREATS AND SAFEGUARDSto th
- Page 197 and 198:
ETHICAL THREATS AND SAFEGUARDSpayab
- Page 199 and 200:
ETHICAL THREATS AND SAFEGUARDS(a)Fi
- Page 201 and 202:
ETHICAL THREATS AND SAFEGUARDSimmin
- Page 203 and 204:
ETHICAL THREATS AND SAFEGUARDSHowev
- Page 205 and 206:
ETHICAL THREATS AND SAFEGUARDS(iii)
- Page 207 and 208:
11CORPORATE GOVERNANCE11.0 LEARNING
- Page 209 and 210:
CORPORATE GOVERNANCE11.3.1 Nature(a
- Page 211 and 212:
CORPORATE GOVERNANCEThe company sho
- Page 213 and 214:
CORPORATE GOVERNANCEtrust, possible
- Page 215 and 216:
CORPORATE GOVERNANCEAn agent has im
- Page 217 and 218:
CORPORATE GOVERNANCE(a)(b)(c)(d)(e)
- Page 219 and 220:
CORPORATE GOVERNANCE11.6.1 The law
- Page 221 and 222:
CORPORATE GOVERNANCEILLUSTRAUSTRATI
- Page 223 and 224:
CORPORATE GOVERNANCEimitated. They
- Page 225 and 226:
CORPORATE GOVERNANCE(a)(b)Greenbury
- Page 227 and 228:
CORPORATE GOVERNANCE11.9.2 Boards d
- Page 229 and 230:
CORPORATE GOVERNANCErelationship wi
- Page 231 and 232:
CORPORATE GOVERNANCE(e)(f)(g)(h)(i)
- Page 233 and 234:
CORPORATE GOVERNANCE(vi)Inquisitive
- Page 235 and 236:
CORPORATE GOVERNANCE(e)ConsultancyA
- Page 237 and 238:
CORPORATE GOVERNANCEThe incoming au
- Page 239 and 240:
CORPORATE GOVERNANCEIn summary, acc
- Page 241 and 242:
CORPORATE GOVERNANCEAccording to Th
- Page 243 and 244:
CORPORATE GOVERNANCE3. A body corpo
- Page 245 and 246:
12SOCIAL AND ENVIRONMENTALISSUES IN
- Page 247 and 248:
SOCIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES IN
- Page 249 and 250:
SOCIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES IN
- Page 251 and 252: SOCIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES IN
- Page 253 and 254: SOCIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES IN
- Page 255 and 256: SOCIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES IN
- Page 257 and 258: SOCIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES IN
- Page 259 and 260: SOCIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES IN
- Page 261 and 262: SOCIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES IN
- Page 263 and 264: APPENDIX ISUGGESTED SOLUTIONS TO RE
- Page 265 and 266: SUGGESTED SOLUTIONS TO REVISION QUE
- Page 267 and 268: SUGGESTED SOLUTIONS TO REVISION QUE
- Page 269 and 270: APPENDIX IICOMPREHENSIVE QUESTIONS
- Page 271 and 272: COMPREHENSIVE QUESTIONS AND SUGGEST
- Page 273 and 274: COMPREHENSIVE QUESTIONS AND SUGGEST
- Page 275 and 276: COMPREHENSIVE QUESTIONS AND SUGGEST
- Page 277 and 278: APPENDIX IIICASE STUDY 1Karsashi, a
- Page 279 and 280: CASE STUDIES(iii)(iv)The floor sale
- Page 281 and 282: CASE STUDIESShare price and dividen
- Page 283 and 284: CASE STUDIESSUGGESTED SOLUTION(A) A
- Page 285 and 286: CASE STUDY 3The following informati
- Page 287 and 288: CASE STUDIESCASE STUDY 4Ologobojo i
- Page 289 and 290: APPENDIX IVTable 1:SUMMARY OF INTER
- Page 291 and 292: SUMMARY OF INTERNATIONAL ACCOUNTING
- Page 293 and 294: APPENDIX VGLOSSARY OF TERMSAbsorpti
- Page 295 and 296: GLOSSARY OF TERMSEthical Objectivis
- Page 297 and 298: APPENDIX VIBIBLIOGRAPHYChambers Ham
- Page 299 and 300: APPENDIX VIISTUDY AND EXAMINATION T
- Page 301: STUDY AND EXAMINATION TECHNIQUES7.3
- Page 305 and 306: INDEXProfessional Behaviour, 136, 1
- Page 307 and 308: 307
- Page 309: 309