Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications
Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications
Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications
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We also wanted to know if there were any bias from the<br />
learning effect that influenced how the drivers scored their<br />
driving ability. Since all drivers were used to use keypads<br />
on their cell phones <strong>and</strong> computers, it might be easier for<br />
them to underst<strong>and</strong> the manual interface than the speech<br />
interface which they were not familiar with. Therefore, we<br />
looked at how they rated their driving ability after the first<br />
session using the first interface, <strong>and</strong> then at their ratings<br />
after the last session when they have tested all interfaces.<br />
The hypothesis was that the ratings after the first session<br />
would be in favor of the manual interface, <strong>and</strong> that that<br />
would change after the third session when the drivers were<br />
more familiar with the dialogue manager.<br />
However, Table 2 shows that after the first session the drivers<br />
rated their driving ability highest when using the SUI <strong>and</strong><br />
lowest when using the GUI.<br />
Modality SUI Multimodal GUI<br />
Mean 6,9 6,9 5,5<br />
STD 2,16 1,1 2,3<br />
Median 7,5 7 5,5<br />
Table 2: Estimated driving ability after the first session.<br />
When starting the third, <strong>and</strong> last, session, the drivers had<br />
become somewhat familiar with the dialogue manager <strong>and</strong><br />
knew what information the system wanted to have. Table 3<br />
shows the ratings after this session:<br />
Modality SUI Multimodal GUI<br />
Mean 8 7,5 6,6<br />
STD 2,1 1,9 1,4<br />
Median 8,5 8 7<br />
Table 3: Estimated driving ability after the last session.<br />
Tables 2 <strong>and</strong> 3 indicate that there is a learning effect, since<br />
the drivers’ ratings are on average higher after the last session<br />
compared to the first. We may note that the relative<br />
position among the interfaces remains the same.<br />
5.3 Task completion time<br />
Table 4 shows average task completion time.<br />
Task completion time was longest when using the SUI interface,<br />
when using the GUI interface the tasks were performed<br />
in half the time. A one-way Anova test shows that the lower<br />
task completion time when using the GUI interface compared<br />
to the SUI <strong>and</strong> multimodal interfaces is statistically<br />
significant, F(2,112)=6,296, p
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