� To determine how the display of information including eco-feedback can be tailored to the requirements of the driving task, improving the user experience <strong>and</strong> reducing environmental impact � To develop a framework for rationalising the display of information that allows designers to create effective HMI solutions � To define design rules for the communication of information via configurable displays In order to address these objectives it will be necessary to consider issues relating to driver distraction, workload, br<strong>and</strong> image <strong>and</strong> users’ emotional responses to technology. 2.2 Methodology The objectives require that methods for the display of information are designed <strong>and</strong> subsequently tested through a user-focused approach. The first stage of the work will be to conduct a comprehensive review of the literature, encompassing human factors, UX <strong>and</strong> Human-Computer Interaction. The main outputs from the literature review will include: � An underst<strong>and</strong>ing of the key psychological factors relating to priority of information on configurable displays � A usable definition of UX � Identification of optimal methods for the measurement of UX in relation to in-vehicle technology The second stage of the research will be to explore the contexts in which in-vehicle systems are used. A qualitative research approach using market research data <strong>and</strong>/or interviews with real customers will determine how information priority varies with different use cases. This, along with findings from the literature, will support the development of display concepts that are designed with a focus on user experience. It is proposed that evaluations of information display concepts are conducted using a simulated driving environment, replicating the context of the driving scenario <strong>and</strong> real-world use cases. A medium-fidelity, fixed-based driving simulator based on Oktal SCANeR Studio software is under development at WMG <strong>and</strong> will be used to conduct evaluation trials. Further development of this capability forms part of the project. Previous work by the authors [4],[5] established a user-centred methodology for the evaluation of in-vehicle technology which was applied to haptic feedback touchscreens. The approach comprised simulator-based evaluation conducted using a withinsubjects experiment design: participants performed a series of touchscreen tasks while driving in a simple motorway scenario. Objective driver performance metrics including lane deviation, headway <strong>and</strong> speed variation were recorded by the driving simulation software; objective task performance data was also recorded using custom-developed touchscreen evaluation interfaces programmed in Adobe Flash. Subjective data on hedonic rating, user confidence, task difficulty <strong>and</strong> interference with the driving task was collected via questionnaire, using 9point rating scales. Follow-up questions administered at the end of the study included a most/least preferred choice <strong>and</strong> Likert scale ratings of usability <strong>and</strong> user experience. Results of these studies showed positive indications for the validity of the methodology, with the successful generation of rich information which offered insights into users’ perceptions of technology, above <strong>and</strong> beyond instrumental measures of usability [6]. However, it is acknowledged that the methodology does not - 52 - provide a comprehensive picture of UX; this must therefore be addressed through the incorporation of methods identified in the literature review prior to application to this research problem. In the final stage of the research, the outputs from the evaluation studies will be used to develop the design rules <strong>and</strong> framework described in the objectives. In considering the context of evaluation <strong>and</strong> acquiring data on safety-relevant objective performance metrics alongside subjective measures of user response, the challenges to UX in automotive HMI discussed in section 1.1 are addressed. 2.3 Challenges As discussed above, there is ongoing debate regarding the definition of <strong>User</strong> Experience <strong>and</strong> how to define the context of evaluation. Given the holistic nature of the problem, a challenge exists in ensuring that the key factors that shape UX are considered <strong>and</strong> that the correct data gathering methods are employed. Further work will be required to ensure that the scope of the evaluation is developed to allow this. The main challenge to the success of the project however is one of validation. While simulated environments provide an enhanced context of evaluation, it can be difficult to determine the extent to which real-world behaviour is replicated. It will be important to correlate simulator findings with road-based data <strong>and</strong>/or results from an alternative simulator with established validity. 3. SUMMARY New in-car technologies bring new sources <strong>and</strong> types of information, the delivery of which must be carefully managed to optimise safety <strong>and</strong> user experience. The approach described within this paper proposes using driving simulator-based evaluations to generate rich, context-relevant information on users’ response to HMI concepts, with the aim of delivering a framework for rationalising the display of information within the vehicle. Challenges to the research include establishing the key elements driving user experience <strong>and</strong> determining the validity of the evaluation environment. 4. REFERENCES [1] Bernhaupt, R. (ed.) 2010. Evaluating <strong>User</strong> Experience in Games: Springer. [2] Law, E., Kort, J., Roto, V., Hassenzahl, M. & Vermeeren, A. 2008. Towards a Shared Definition of <strong>User</strong> Experience. CHI 2008. Florence, Italy. [3] Vermeeren, A., Law, E., Roto, V., Obrist, M., Hoonhout, J. & Väänänen-Vainio-Mattila, K. 2010. <strong>User</strong> Experience Evaluation Methods: Current State <strong>and</strong> Development Needs. NordiCHI. [4] Pitts, M.J., Williams, M.A., Wellings, T., Attridge, A. 2009. Assessing subjective response to haptic feedback in automotive touchscreens. 1st international Conference on <strong>Automotive</strong> <strong>User</strong> interfaces <strong>and</strong> interactive <strong>Vehicular</strong> <strong>Applications</strong> (<strong>Automotive</strong>UI '09) , Essen, Germany, 11 – 18 [5] Pitts, M.J., Burnett, G.E., Skrypchuk, L., Wellings, T., Attridge, A., Williams, M.A. 2012. Visual-Haptic Feedback Interaction in <strong>Automotive</strong> Touchscreens. Displays 33 (1), 7 - 16 [6] Pitts, M.J., Wellings, T., Attridge, A., Williams, M.A. 2011. <strong>User</strong>-Centred Evaluation of <strong>Automotive</strong> Human-Machine Interface Technologies. <strong>User</strong> Experience in Cars Workshop, Interact 2011 , Lisbon, Portugal, pp 35 – 40
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