Promoting youth entrepreneurship in Lagos, Nigeria - SNHU ...

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The main purpose of this literature is to provide an overview of existing literature in thisemerging area and stimulate a debate on the potential benefits of youth entrepreneurship as aviable career option, obstacles that stand in its way, and policy measures and strategies that can beinitiated to support it. This review would help to examine youth entrepreneurship in light ofgrowing expectations that it will generate jobs and support radically new and effective ways ofdealing with youth unemployment problems.This paper is divided into seven sections; the first section introduced the concept of youthin the global perspective. This is followed by a description of the holistic needs of youth. In sectionthree, entrepreneurship and youth is discussed along with its importance. This is followed by adiscussion of the specific needs of youth. Section five talks about the current status in the field ofyouth entrepreneurship programming and the last section raises the key challenges and barriers thatyouth entrepreneurs face and posit a theory of change.The continuing debate regarding who is a youth has not resolved the confusionsurrounding the concept. Not surprisingly, therefore, the concept of youth has been understoodand used differently by different government, non-governmental organizations and the public ingeneral (Mkandawire,1996). In an attempt to standardize youth programmes, internationalorganizations, in particular the United Nations, have come up with specific age categories todefine youth. The United Nations uses age category of 15-24 years to define youth while theCommonwealth Association of Nations has come up with a specific age category of 15-29 years.Most countries have either adopted the UN or Commonwealth. However, in Nigeria the age range18-35 years (Kigbu,2007) is taken as representing the category of youth. Youth are a significantlyvalid target population for development programs, as this large percentage, over 1.5 billionworldwide (United Nations, 2006), has strong potential to effect change in communities14
worldwide. Because of their sheer size, but also because of their higher level of education, arguesthe World Youth Report 2007, youth aged 15-24 years in 2007 who constitute 18 percent of theworld‘s population are an essential and critical part of the development process of societies.Never before has an age bracket constituted such a large share of the overall population. Further,15-24 year olds constitute 25 percent of the working-age population (United Nations, 2007). Theypresent a prime target for community development programs and provide an exceptionalopportunity to change the pattern of a community by breaking the cycle of poverty at its roots.In developing countries, an inhibiting dilemma for youth is that they often start workbefore they develop skills valuable to their employers which trap them in a cycle of low-levelemployment and lack of access to additional educational opportunities. It has been estimated bythe International Labor Office (ILO) that about 71 million young people between the ages of 15and 25 are unemployed (ILO, 2008). One of the major challenges facing governments today isthe reduction of youth unemployment (Ulrich, 2006). Admittedly, some jobs for youth existwithin micro-enterprises; however, youth do not have access to the job-relevant education neededto attain these positions.Typically, youth are only able to obtain jobs that are low-paid, unstable, and lackingbenefits and advancement potential. Skilled labor increases economic growth and development.For example, USAID has recognized microfinance provision as one of six effective practices tobring youth from readiness to access in terms of building youth capacity for sustainablelivelihoods.Unfortunately, services that are widely available to adults such as microfinanceorganizations (MFIs) normally do not serve youth. MFIs typically will not lend to those under theage of 18, due to the higher cost and risk. Furthermore, it is often impossible for youth to obtain15
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Page 3 and 4: 3.6 CNA Results: ..................
Page 5 and 6: List of TablesTable 1: Logical fram
Page 7 and 8: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTThis dissertation co
Page 9 and 10: 1.0 PROBLEM STATEMENTThe impact of
Page 12 and 13: During the early years of independe
Page 16 and 17: loans due to the high interest rate
Page 18 and 19: Gambia and Nigeria in West Africa,
Page 20 and 21: Two are highlighted here as the mos
Page 22 and 23: successfully launching a new enterp
Page 24 and 25: demand economic growth including ma
Page 26 and 27: skills training to young men and wo
Page 28 and 29: Treating youth as ‗clients‘ and
Page 30 and 31: students‘ personal environment (p
Page 32 and 33: children to go into businesses. The
Page 34 and 35: the experience to know all these re
Page 36 and 37: 3.0 COMMUNITY NEEDS ASSESSMENT REPO
Page 38 and 39: forms which cover areas such as mot
Page 40 and 41: fashion, poultry, fish farming, tra
Page 42 and 43: This study targeted both the employ
Page 44 and 45: Total 20 100%Figure 12: Type of fam
Page 46 and 47: Majority of the respondents are ope
Page 48 and 49: Figure 21: Factors the influences e
Page 50 and 51: 3.8.3 Important de-motivating facto
Page 52 and 53: The response here is very diverse.
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Page 56 and 57: 4.0 Project Description4.1 Host Org
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Page 60 and 61: selection process1.0 Stakeholdersse
Page 62 and 63: 4.4.2 Implementation ReportThe proj
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4.4.5 Group Formation:This activity
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Project Objective One: Improvements
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5.0 Monitoring and Evaluation5.1 In
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5.3 MonitoringThis project aimed at
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There was a reported percentage inc
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5.4 Evaluation5.4.1 Conceptual Fram
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awareness on youth entrepreneurship
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processes, knowledge practices (i.e
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are efficient. We hypothesized that
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elationship with the income level.
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6.0 Sustainability PlansThe sustain
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7.0 Lesson Learnt7.1 RelevanceThis
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8.0 RECOMMENDATIONSThe findings sug
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and are passionate to start busines
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9.0 REFERENCES:Australia Government
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United Nations. (2007, December 18)
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MFI (Stakeholder)for the youthThey
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Appendix 10.3: Detailed BudgetS/N E
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Percentageincrease inincome levelof
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dataPercentageincrease inYouth-rune
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entServicesandCounselingyouthreceiv
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Appendix 10. 7: Community Needs Ass
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4. Starting date: _________________
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13. In your opinion, what measures
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13.1 Other regulative barriers: The
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……………………………
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to seek the challenge (to compete w
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8. Workload:I am afraid of not bein
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What have been the major impediment
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Appendix 10. 8: Socio -Economic Sur
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Appendix 10. 9: Business Advisory a
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___________________________________
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Description Strengths Weaknesses Im
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Appendix 10.0: Stakeholder Analysis
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