Environmental & Social Management Framework - About ...

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Environmental and Social Management Frameworkc. Enhancement of Quality of LifeAs a by-product of increase in productivity and subsequent increase in incomelevel, it is also expected that there will be improvement in quality of life of ruralpeople. The improvements can be seen as students can study at night time,people will feel more comfortable with electric light, people can keep television forbetter media communication and recreation, women can work at night and earnmore. All these will subsequently enhance the people’s quality of life.(i)Addressing Negative Aspects associated with the Improved RoadsConcerning the time after the sections for the specific SRN sub-projects becomecompleted, the ESMF makes generally reference to typical mitigation measuresfor those impacts that are associated with safety and maintenance works bearingsome similarities to those during the construction works.a. Slope Instability and ErosionThe consequences of land slide and soil erosion are far wider than repair andmaintenance of the road is able to cope with. Potential impacts of slope instabilityand erosion will be in terms of damage of agricultural land and property,reduction in agricultural production, reduction in forest area etc. High speed ofvehicles will increase which may disturb the stability of the slope thereby lead tothe slope failure. Depending on the situation, measures to mitigate such impactsmay include:- Correction of the maintenance of the slope protection measures (bioengineering)and drainage works;- Rill and gully formations should be regularly monitored and immediatelyfixed at critical areas;- Correcting the effects of minor landslides, erosion and mass wastingshould be immediately cleared and slope restored with appropriatetechnology (bio-engineering);- Promotion/support/assistance to community forestry programs, not only inthe right of way, but also beyond in erosion-prone lands;- Soil amelioration methods in the right of way and beyond should bepromoted;- Community development programs for local communities to stimulateself-help initiatives to carry out minor but instantly needed roadmaintenance works, such as removal of stones falling down from slopes,fallen trees, correction of minor gully erosion damage, removal of earthand debris from drainage structures after heavy rainfall, etc.b. Road Safety and Speed Limit ControlsAfter the operation of road services there are incremental risks for accidentsaffecting persons, vehicles and goods transported. A number of environmentalimpacts may result from vehicle accidents such as spill of hazardous liquid andsolid materials, soil and water contamination, forest fire, damage to properties,utilities and cultural assets.In order to mitigate these impacts, the safety measures suggested by this ESMFinclude the following:- Provide proper signage regulating permissible speed-limits;- Incorporate physical barriers in the road design to reduce speed atsensitive sections;- Ensure regular road police patrolling and enforcement;- Incorporate environmentally friendly roadside delineators, such as bushesand hedges, as prescribed in the bio-engineering guidebook.- Conduct, at certain schedules, public meetings to assess the adequacy ofroad signage and installed safety measures. When upgradingChapter 6-22 April 2007
Environmental and Social Management Framework/maintaining roads because of increasing traffic demand, consider designimprovement in the pavement condition and geometry of the road,- As applicable, provide proper signage on sections with increasedaccident rates, ant at sites with critical slope development. Includeappropriate speed-limit measures (road police patrolling andenforcement, speed bumpers).c. Control Air, Noise and Water PollutionIncreased traffic movements on the road will invariably cause incrementalpollution due to vehicular emission and dusts. The movement of vehicles willincrease local noise levels. Similarly, disposal of oil and grease of water bodysurface run-off from road surface may cause water pollution. Depending on thesituation, corrective measures to mitigate such impacts may include:- Community and road user awareness programs should be organized toenhance public understanding on how individuals can contribute toreduce environmental impacts associated with road uses;- Provide proper signage on accident-prone spots, and include appropriatespeed-limit measures (road police patrolling and enforcement, speedbumpers);- Control and enforce vehicle emission standards, and stipulate vehicleowners to engage in proper and regular vehicle maintenance;- Ensure proper use and sale of (clean fuel) at local pump stations;- For control of dust nuisance, sprinkling of water, speed limit of vehicleand vegetative barrier of earthen bounds should be designed.- In congested settlement and sensitive areas (Schools, health posts,hospitals) consider sealed surface of the road for the stretch it passthrough the sensitive area. Include appropriate roadside planting (bushes,hedges, trees) where possible, to enhance absorption of vehicleemissions by the plants.d. Control of Cross-Drainage Outfall and GulliesCross-drainage outfall and gullies will be carrying concentrated water dischargefrom the respective catchments. They could lead to the downstream erosion ifoutfall area is not protected or guided properly. This impact is more severe in hillroads. Depending on the situation, measures to mitigate such impacts mayinclude:- Provide proper signage on spots with (seasonal) drainage problems, andinclude appropriate speed-limit measures (road police patrolling andenforcement, speed bumpers);- Road-side and the gullies shall be connected to the natural drains withprotected outfall.- Regular maintenance of the drains shall be carried out and blockagescleared; use local community members contracted for such works.e. Depletion of Forest ResourcesRoad development often induces or accelerates the pressure on forestresources. Counteract measures are difficult to realize, but to some extent thefollowing mitigation mechanisms may be successful:- Provide support to local communities for preserving their forest especiallythe community forestry;- Promote homestead activities to cultivate non-timber-forest products (e.g.medicinal plants, ornamental plants, ornamental animal farming,mushroom cultivation, bamboo);April 2007 Chapter 6-23
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Government of NepalMinistry of Phys
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