analysis of the influences of solar radiation and façade glazing ...

More documents

Recommendations

Info

1.2 Background and literature review 14 BUILDING DESCRIPTION Location Design data Construction data Thermal zones Internal loads Usage profiles Infiltration SYSTEM DESCRIPTION System types and sizes Supply and return fans Control and schedules Outside air requirements PLANT DESCRIPTION Equipment types and sizes Performance characteristics Auxiliary equipment Load assignment Fuel types ECONOMIC DATA Economic factors Project life First cost Maintenance cost WEATHER LIBRARY Dry-bulb temperature Wet-bulb temperature Cloud factor Wind speed Pressure LOADS ANALYSIS Peak heating and cooling loads SYSTEM ANALYSIS Hourly equipment loads by system PLANT ANALYSIS Fuel demand and consumption ECONOMIC ANALYSIS Life-cycle cost Fig. 1.1: The overall structure of the building energy simulation software by ASHRAE Handbook - Fundamentals (2005) Large amounts of energy simulation software have been released during the last half century. Two tendencies in the simulation of the energy transfer processes in buildings can be distinguished. First, the conception consists of performing heat balance in isothermal zones that are component parts of the building. Depending on the requirements, the analysis can be performed over a very long period with different time intervals. We can find a comparison of the features of twenty major building energy simulation programs with a heat balance engine in a detailed and complex report prepared by Crawley (Crawley, et al., 2008) (Crawley, et al., 2005). Very often the agreement between theoretical calculations and experimental values do not work well for large spaces and structures. The second conception is a compilation of
1.2 Background and literature review 15 traditional balancing methods and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) algorithms. Accuracy and agreement between the results of theoretical modelling and physical reality are the best advantages of this procedure. Simulations are usually performed for not very long periods of time in respect to complicated 3-D models, short-time calculating steps and long-time computer work. Often, this hybrid method is used to do steady-state analysis. The overview of computer software for testing energy transfer in the built environment is also presented by Addison and Nall (Addison, et al., 2001). The authors concluded that the best energy analysis tools for the complex and atypical geometry of living spaces should apply hybrid algorithms. (Rees, et al., 1999) (Maliska, 2001) (Broderick, et al., 2001) (Beausoleil-Morrison, 2001) They came to similar conclusions about modelling strategy. Available literature concerning advanced techniques and algorithms, which are used in whole-building energy performance simulations, is wide-ranging. An overview of the most important scientific projects is presented below. Treeck and Rank (Treeck, et al., 2007) developed an algorithm for transforming building geometry which can be applied to energy simulation codes. The approach is based on a graph theory. The following graph is selected from a building model: a structural component, room faces, whole room and relational objects that represent the geometrical structure in a hierarchical manner. In order to demonstrate the capabilities of developed algorithms, the authors showed a practical example of the decomposition model based on a three-storey building with an integrated inner courtyard. The building shape significantly influences its’ thermal performance. Ourghi and coworkers (Ourghi, et al., 2007) developed a simplified calculation method concerning this problem. A detailed simulation procedure was carried out with specialized software DOE-2 for several locations around the world. The authors analyzed several building configurations with different shapes, relative compactness, and various glazing types with different solar heat gain coefficient and window sizes. Estimates showed a strong influence of the building shape, the type and the percent of glazing on energy consumption. A meteorological and a sociological (attitude and culture) influence on thermal load and energy consumption in buildings was investigated by Pedersen (Pedersen, 2007). The following different representations of weather data were analyzed: The test reference year (TRY), design reference year (DRY), typical meteorological year (TMY) and weather year for energy calculations (WYEC). The current work has presented a summary of different methodologies for the energy load and its’ estimations such as: neural networks (NN), engineering method (EM) conditional and demand analysis (CDA). Detailed building thermal performance is possible to estimate when we apply both computational fluid dynamic algorithms and building energy simulation tools. The hard problem of an integration of the two different calculation techniques, which provide complementary information, was intensely developed and widely applied by Zhai and
Page 1 and 2: ANALYSIS OF THE INFLUENCES OF SOLAR
Page 3 and 4: than the inner air temperature. It
Page 5 and 6: 4.1 SUMMARY .......................
Page 7 and 8: Subscripts σ - Stefan-Boltzmann co
Page 9 and 10: 1.1 Introduction 9 Another problem,
Page 11 and 12: 1.2 Background and literature revie
Page 13: 1.2 Background and literature revie
Page 41 and 42: 2.1 Building energy simulation soft
Page 47 and 48: 2.2 Experimental research methods 4
Page 53 and 54: 3.1 Building description 53 Fig. 3.
Page 55 and 56: 3.1 Building description 55 All int
Page 57 and 58: 3.1 Building description 57 Case B5
Page 59 and 60: 3.1 Building description 59 Of cour
Page 61 and 62: 3.1 Building description 61 Outside
Page 63 and 64: 3.1 Building description 63 In orde
Page 65 and 66:
3.1 Building description 65 Fig. 3.
Page 67 and 68:
3.1 Building description 67 Fig. 3.
Page 69 and 70:
3.2 Selection of the optimal glazin
Page 71 and 72:
3.3 Estimation of thermal energy ga
Page 73 and 74:
Page 75 and 76:
Page 77 and 78:
Page 79 and 80:
3.4 Testing of a building indoor en
Page 81 and 82:
36 34 32 30 28 26 24 22 20 18 36 34
Page 83 and 84:
3,00 2,50 2,00 1,50 1,00 0,50 0,00
Page 85 and 86:
Page 87 and 88:
Page 89 and 90:
Page 91 and 92:
3.5 Optimization of a solar domesti
Page 93 and 94:
Page 95 and 96:
Page 97 and 98:
Page 99 and 100:
4.1 Summary 99 4 Summary and conclu
Page 101 and 102:
4.2 Comments and conclusions 101 So
Page 103 and 104:
4.3 Future research 103 of the annu
Page 105 and 106:
References 105 Beausoleil-Morrison,
Page 107 and 108:
References 107 Hendron, R., et al.
Page 109 and 110:
References 109 Rees, S. and Haves,
Page 111 and 112:
References 111 Yohanis, Y.G., et al
Page 113 and 114:
Appendix 1 113 Fig. A1.1 VASATI 2.0
Page 115 and 116:
Page 117 and 118:
Page 119 and 120:
Page 121 and 122:
Page 123 and 124:
Appendix 2 123 !-Generator IDFEdito
Page 125 and 126:
Appendix 2 125 0.035, !- Conductivi
Page 127 and 128:
Appendix 2 127 , !- Zone Inside Con
Page 129 and 130:
Appendix 2 129 Discrete; !- Numeric
Page 131 and 132:
Appendix 2 131 Fraction, !- Schedul
Page 133 and 134:
Appendix 2 133 Air Conditioner:Wind
Page 135 and 136:
Appendix 2 135 , !- Sensible Heat F
Page 137 and 138:
Appendix 2 137 281, !- Lighting Lev
Page 139 and 140:
Appendix 2 139 OG2 InfilTRATION, !-
Page 141 and 142:
Appendix 2 141 OG3, !- Zone Name 16
Page 143 and 144:
Appendix 2 143 0.004, !- Zone Heati
Page 145 and 146:
Appendix 2 145 Zone15WindACAirInlet
Page 147 and 148:
Appendix 2 147 0, !- Maximum Flow R
Page 149 and 150:
Appendix 2 149 Zone16WindACOAMixer,
Page 151 and 152:
Appendix 2 151 Zone 9 Outlet Node;
Page 153 and 154:
Appendix 2 153 Stand Alone ERV 16,
Page 155 and 156:
Appendix 2 155 ZoneHVAC:WindowAirCo
Page 157 and 158:
Appendix 2 157 ZoneHVAC:Baseboard:C
Page 159 and 160:
Appendix 2 159 Zone Control Type Sc
Page 161 and 162:
Appendix 2 161 WindACPLFFPLR, !- Pa
Page 163 and 164:
Appendix 2 163 Stand Alone ERV Supp
Page 165 and 166:
Appendix 2 165 0.03001, !- Maximum
Page 167 and 168:
Appendix 2 167 0.81, !- Sensible Ef
Page 169 and 170:
Appendix 2 169 !- == ALL OBJECTS IN
show all

analysis of the influences of solar radiation and façade glazing ...

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?