analysis of the influences of solar radiation and façade glazing ...

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Table of contents ABSTRACT ………………………………………………………..………………………………………………………..…………. 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS .………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…. 4 NOMENCLATURE ………………………………………………………………………………………………..………………….. 6 1 SCIENTIFIC FRAMEWORK .............................................................................................................. 8 1.1 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................................... 8 1.2 BACKGROUND AND LITERATURE REVIEW .......................................................................................... 10 1.2.1 Method for modelling and simulation of building thermal behaviour ..................................... 10 1.2.2 Solar heat gain through windows ............................................................................................ 18 1.2.3 Influence of envelope features on energy consumption and potential savings ........................ 23 1.2.4 Modelling and designing solar domestic hot water systems .................................................... 26 1.2.5 Summary of literature review .................................................................................................. 39 1.3 RESEARCH GOALS AND HYPOTHESIS .................................................................................................. 40 1.3.1 Scientific goals ......................................................................................................................... 40 1.3.2 Hyphothesis ............................................................................................................................. 40 2 RESEARCH METHODS .................................................................................................................... 41 2.1 BUILDING ENERGY SIMULATION SOFTWARE ...................................................................................... 41 2.2 EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH METHODS ................................................................................................ 47 2.2.1 Experimental apparatus .......................................................................................................... 47 2.2.2 Experimental methods ............................................................................................................. 48 3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION .......................................................................................................... 51 3.1 BUILDING DESCRIPTION ..................................................................................................................... 52 3.1.1 Description of building substructures and HVAC systems ...................................................... 52 3.1.2 Weather conditions for the simulation analysis ....................................................................... 66 3.2 SELECTION OF THE OPTIMAL GLAZING SYSTEM .................................................................................. 68 3.3 ESTIMATION OF THERMAL ENERGY GAIN AND LOSS THROUGH BUILDING FENESTRATION .................. 70 3.3.1 Characterization of heat gain and loss through glazing .......................................................... 70 3.3.2 Analysis of the energy balance for windows ............................................................................ 71 3.3.3 Definition of an optimal value of window-to-wall ratio .......................................................... 76 3.4 TESTING OF A BUILDING INDOOR ENVIRONMENT DURING THE WARM PERIOD .................................... 79 3.5 OPTIMIZATION OF A SOLAR DOMESTIC HOT WATER SYSTEM .............................................................. 90 3.5.1 Description of the solar collectors........................................................................................... 90 3.5.2 Solar heating systems control .................................................................................................. 91 3.5.3 Assumed parameters of domestic hot water systems ............................................................... 91 3.5.4 Results of computational analysis ........................................................................................... 92 4 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS .................................................................................................. 99
4.1 SUMMARY .......................................................................................................................................... 99 4.2 COMMENTS AND CONCLUSIONS ....................................................................................................... 101 4.3 FUTURE RESEARCH .......................................................................................................................... 103 REFERENCES ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..……..… 104 APPENDICES ……….…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….… 112 APPENDIX 1 PLANS OF BUILDING SUBSTRUCTURES AND THE FRONT/BACK/SIDE ELEVATION VIEWS ……….. 112 APPENDIX 2 LISTING OF THE BUILDING AND HVAC SYSTEM MODEL ……………………………………………..…. 122
Page 1 and 2: ANALYSIS OF THE INFLUENCES OF SOLAR
Page 3: than the inner air temperature. It
Page 7 and 8: Subscripts σ - Stefan-Boltzmann co
Page 9 and 10: 1.1 Introduction 9 Another problem,
Page 11 and 12: 1.2 Background and literature revie
Page 41 and 42: 2.1 Building energy simulation soft
Page 47 and 48: 2.2 Experimental research methods 4
Page 53 and 54: 3.1 Building description 53 Fig. 3.
Page 55 and 56:
3.1 Building description 55 All int
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3.1 Building description 57 Case B5
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3.1 Building description 59 Of cour
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3.1 Building description 61 Outside
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3.1 Building description 63 In orde
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3.1 Building description 65 Fig. 3.
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3.1 Building description 67 Fig. 3.
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3.2 Selection of the optimal glazin
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3.3 Estimation of thermal energy ga
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3.4 Testing of a building indoor en
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36 34 32 30 28 26 24 22 20 18 36 34
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3,00 2,50 2,00 1,50 1,00 0,50 0,00
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3.5 Optimization of a solar domesti
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4.1 Summary 99 4 Summary and conclu
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4.2 Comments and conclusions 101 So
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4.3 Future research 103 of the annu
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References 105 Beausoleil-Morrison,
Page 107 and 108:
References 107 Hendron, R., et al.
Page 109 and 110:
References 109 Rees, S. and Haves,
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References 111 Yohanis, Y.G., et al
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Appendix 1 113 Fig. A1.1 VASATI 2.0
Page 115 and 116:
Page 117 and 118:
Page 119 and 120:
Page 121 and 122:
Page 123 and 124:
Appendix 2 123 !-Generator IDFEdito
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Appendix 2 125 0.035, !- Conductivi
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Appendix 2 127 , !- Zone Inside Con
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Appendix 2 129 Discrete; !- Numeric
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Appendix 2 131 Fraction, !- Schedul
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Appendix 2 133 Air Conditioner:Wind
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Appendix 2 135 , !- Sensible Heat F
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Appendix 2 137 281, !- Lighting Lev
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Appendix 2 139 OG2 InfilTRATION, !-
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Appendix 2 141 OG3, !- Zone Name 16
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Appendix 2 143 0.004, !- Zone Heati
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Appendix 2 145 Zone15WindACAirInlet
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Appendix 2 147 0, !- Maximum Flow R
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Appendix 2 149 Zone16WindACOAMixer,
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Appendix 2 151 Zone 9 Outlet Node;
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Appendix 2 153 Stand Alone ERV 16,
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Appendix 2 155 ZoneHVAC:WindowAirCo
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Appendix 2 157 ZoneHVAC:Baseboard:C
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Appendix 2 159 Zone Control Type Sc
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Appendix 2 161 WindACPLFFPLR, !- Pa
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Appendix 2 163 Stand Alone ERV Supp
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Appendix 2 165 0.03001, !- Maximum
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Appendix 2 167 0.81, !- Sensible Ef
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Appendix 2 169 !- == ALL OBJECTS IN
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