analysis of the influences of solar radiation and façade glazing ...

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2.2 Experimental research methods 48 thermometer. The experimental set-up is particularly designed to simulate different convection heat transfer conditions on both sides of the tested object. 2.2.2 Experimental methods The main effect of the experimental analysis is to determine the thermal performance of the considered external wall. Some results of the investigations can be used to calibrate the building simulation software EnergyPlus. Normally, in order to examine the thermal behavior of building materials, the temperature difference on both sides of the sample is simulated. The resultant temperature response depends on the physical properties of the hollow brick. The tested building material is characterized by a large thermal-storage capacity. For this reason, the data logger ports are scanned in 60-second intervals and the recording of the data is stopped when the temperature on the colder brick side does not change during 30 minutes. The experimental cases were conducted for three temperature differences: 30°C, 25°C and 20°C. The air temperature inside the laboratory was stabilized with an electric convector heater with ± 0.3°C accuracy and the relative humidity was varied between 35 % and 38 % during the experimental sessions. A heat flux q ′ sf on the hot face of the brick was determined based on the following heat balance equation: a a p ( θin −θout ) − ql = qsf Asf V & ρ c ′′ . (2.10) The rate of heat loss ql through the chamber walls was estimated based on the temperature measurements on the external surface of the insulation. The value of the heat flux q ′ sf was obtained after transformation of Eq. (2.10). V& aρ ac q′ ′ = sf p ( θ −θ ) in A sf out − q l . (2.11) Eq. (2.12) was applied to calculate the thermal resistance Rb of Poroton-T9 and based on Eq. (2.13) its equivalent thermal conductivity keq at steady-state conditions was determined. R b θsf , h −θ sf = q ′′ sf , ∞ , c . (2.12)
2.2 Experimental research methods 49 k δ b eq = , Rb where sf , h and ′′ sf , ∞ (2.13) θ was measured on the hot side, θ sf , c on the cold side of the material’s surface q was obtained in steady-state. The next part of the study was dedicated to the unsteady tests. The temperature variations measured inside the sample were compared with the results of the numerical simulations in order to check if the heat capacity of the brick components was correctly estimated. A computational model was used (Fig. 2.6), which was implemented in the Fluent code by Miroslaw Zukowski according to EN 1745. Fig. 2.6: Sketch of the brick model developed by Miroslaw Zukowski. The experiment consisted of changing the specific heat capacity under numerical simulations and agreed with physical reality at an acceptable accuracy rate. The final results of experimental and numerical testing are presented in the third chapter of this dissertation and the detailed information about all the experiment runs was submitted as a paper to the Energy&Buildings Journal. Apart from that, it should be noted that the thermal resistance of the wall Req,w, which consisted of a Poroton-T9 and a mortar layer, can be treated as two resistances in a parallel circuit. Thus it is possible to apply the following equation: 1 R eq, w 1 1 = + . R R b m (2.14)
Page 1 and 2: ANALYSIS OF THE INFLUENCES OF SOLAR
Page 3 and 4: than the inner air temperature. It
Page 5 and 6: 4.1 SUMMARY .......................
Page 7 and 8: Subscripts σ - Stefan-Boltzmann co
Page 9 and 10: 1.1 Introduction 9 Another problem,
Page 11 and 12: 1.2 Background and literature revie
Page 41 and 42: 2.1 Building energy simulation soft
Page 47: 2.2 Experimental research methods 4
Page 51 and 52: 2.2 Experimental research methods 5
Page 53 and 54: 3.1 Building description 53 Fig. 3.
Page 55 and 56: 3.1 Building description 55 All int
Page 57 and 58: 3.1 Building description 57 Case B5
Page 59 and 60: 3.1 Building description 59 Of cour
Page 61 and 62: 3.1 Building description 61 Outside
Page 63 and 64: 3.1 Building description 63 In orde
Page 69 and 70: 3.2 Selection of the optimal glazin
Page 71 and 72: 3.3 Estimation of thermal energy ga
Page 79 and 80: 3.4 Testing of a building indoor en
Page 81 and 82: 36 34 32 30 28 26 24 22 20 18 36 34
Page 83 and 84: 3,00 2,50 2,00 1,50 1,00 0,50 0,00
Page 91 and 92: 3.5 Optimization of a solar domesti
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4.1 Summary 99 4 Summary and conclu
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4.2 Comments and conclusions 101 So
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4.3 Future research 103 of the annu
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References 105 Beausoleil-Morrison,
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References 107 Hendron, R., et al.
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References 109 Rees, S. and Haves,
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References 111 Yohanis, Y.G., et al
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Appendix 1 113 Fig. A1.1 VASATI 2.0
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Appendix 2 123 !-Generator IDFEdito
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Appendix 2 125 0.035, !- Conductivi
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Appendix 2 127 , !- Zone Inside Con
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Appendix 2 129 Discrete; !- Numeric
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Appendix 2 131 Fraction, !- Schedul
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Appendix 2 133 Air Conditioner:Wind
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Appendix 2 135 , !- Sensible Heat F
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Appendix 2 137 281, !- Lighting Lev
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Appendix 2 139 OG2 InfilTRATION, !-
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Appendix 2 141 OG3, !- Zone Name 16
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Appendix 2 143 0.004, !- Zone Heati
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Appendix 2 145 Zone15WindACAirInlet
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Appendix 2 147 0, !- Maximum Flow R
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Appendix 2 149 Zone16WindACOAMixer,
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Appendix 2 151 Zone 9 Outlet Node;
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Appendix 2 153 Stand Alone ERV 16,
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Appendix 2 155 ZoneHVAC:WindowAirCo
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Appendix 2 157 ZoneHVAC:Baseboard:C
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Appendix 2 159 Zone Control Type Sc
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Appendix 2 161 WindACPLFFPLR, !- Pa
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Appendix 2 163 Stand Alone ERV Supp
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Appendix 2 165 0.03001, !- Maximum
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Appendix 2 167 0.81, !- Sensible Ef
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Appendix 2 169 !- == ALL OBJECTS IN
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