analysis of the influences of solar radiation and façade glazing ...

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30 28 26 24 22 20 18 3.4 Testing of a building indoor environment during the warm period 86 1‐Apr 1‐May 1‐Jun 1‐Jul 1‐Aug 1‐Sep 1‐Oct Apr 1‐May 1‐Jun 1‐Jul 1‐Aug 1‐Sep 1‐Oct Apr 1‐May 1‐Jun 1‐Jul 1‐Aug 1‐Sep 1‐Oct Apr 1‐May 1‐Jun 1‐Jul 1‐Aug 1‐Sep 1‐Oct 1,50 1,25 1,00 0,75 0,50 0,25 0,00 ‐0,25 ‐0,50 ‐0,75 ‐1,00 OG 1 Fig. 3.38: Zone operate temperature for apartments located on the middle storey (red colour – building with optimal value of window-to-wall ratio, blue colour – designed building). OG 1 OG 2 OG 2 1‐Apr 1‐May 1‐Jun 1‐Jul 1‐Aug 1‐Sep 1‐Oct Apr 1‐May 1‐Jun 1‐Jul 1‐Aug 1‐Sep 1‐Oct Apr 1‐May 1‐Jun 1‐Jul 1‐Aug 1‐Sep 1‐Oct Apr 1‐May 1‐Jun 1‐Jul 1‐Aug 1‐Sep 1‐Oct Fig. 3.39: PMV comfort thermal index for apartments located on the middle storey (orange colour – building with optimal value of window-to-wall ratio, blue colour – designed building). OG 3 OG 3 OG 4 OG 4
3.4 Testing of a building indoor environment during the warm period 87 As seen in Fig. 3.38 and Fig. 3.39, a reduction of the glazing area in an optimal variant leads to a decrease in the operate temperature and raises thermal comfort conditions. We can observe these effects in apartments OG1 and OG2. In the calculation of the optimal value of WWR it is assumed that the south facing windows area in apartments OG3 and OG4 were increased to the maximum. As it turned out, this assumption does not significantly influence the thermal comfort in this part of the building. So, we can conclude that the optimal window-to-wall ratio, which was determined to achieve energy savings in heating periods, provides a better quality of thermal environment during a warm season. In order to reduce the internal air temperature we can use intensive mechanical ventilation when the outdoor temperature is lower than the air temperature in the rooms. The next series of calculations were performed to investigate how a variable air volume system influences the thermal environment in living spaces. The typical work schedule of a ventilation system with intensive night cooling in OG1 apartment for the last week of July is shown in Fig. 3.40. The total volume of outside air varied approximately between 60 and 210 m 3 /h. The maximum value of the flow rate appeared very often from 10 p.m. to 7 a.m. Practical results of a one-week operation of a VAV system and the comparison with constant air flow ventilation are demonstrated in Fig. 3.41. We observed that the amplitude between day and night internal air temperatures was significantly higher for the apartment with a variable air volume system. Due to this effect we could relatively quickly reduce and stabilize the air temperature inside the living spaces on a lower level. As shown in Fig. 3.42 the difference between the operate temperature in an apartment with the constant air volume system and with a night cooling system using the variable air volume flow grew from April to first half of June. This value stayed at approximately the same level equal to about 3.5°C on the next period of warm season. The maximum value differed from 4.1°C for apartment OG2 to 4.4°C for apartment OG1 and the mean value differed from 2.7°C to 3.0°C, respectively. As it turned out, cooling by ambient air can be an energy saving solution. This ventilation system, coupled with external shading devices, is sufficient to prevent living spaces from excessive overheating during warm seasons.
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ANALYSIS OF THE INFLUENCES OF SOLAR
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than the inner air temperature. It
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4.1 SUMMARY .......................
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Subscripts σ - Stefan-Boltzmann co
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1.1 Introduction 9 Another problem,
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1.2 Background and literature revie
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Page 35 and 36: 1.2 Background and literature revie
Page 41 and 42: 2.1 Building energy simulation soft
Page 47 and 48: 2.2 Experimental research methods 4
Page 53 and 54: 3.1 Building description 53 Fig. 3.
Page 55 and 56: 3.1 Building description 55 All int
Page 57 and 58: 3.1 Building description 57 Case B5
Page 59 and 60: 3.1 Building description 59 Of cour
Page 61 and 62: 3.1 Building description 61 Outside
Page 63 and 64: 3.1 Building description 63 In orde
Page 69 and 70: 3.2 Selection of the optimal glazin
Page 71 and 72: 3.3 Estimation of thermal energy ga
Page 79 and 80: 3.4 Testing of a building indoor en
Page 81 and 82: 36 34 32 30 28 26 24 22 20 18 36 34
Page 83 and 84: 3,00 2,50 2,00 1,50 1,00 0,50 0,00
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Page 89 and 90: 3.4 Testing of a building indoor en
Page 91 and 92: 3.5 Optimization of a solar domesti
Page 99 and 100: 4.1 Summary 99 4 Summary and conclu
Page 101 and 102: 4.2 Comments and conclusions 101 So
Page 103 and 104: 4.3 Future research 103 of the annu
Page 105 and 106: References 105 Beausoleil-Morrison,
Page 107 and 108: References 107 Hendron, R., et al.
Page 109 and 110: References 109 Rees, S. and Haves,
Page 111 and 112: References 111 Yohanis, Y.G., et al
Page 113 and 114: Appendix 1 113 Fig. A1.1 VASATI 2.0
Page 123 and 124: Appendix 2 123 !-Generator IDFEdito
Page 125 and 126: Appendix 2 125 0.035, !- Conductivi
Page 127 and 128: Appendix 2 127 , !- Zone Inside Con
Page 129 and 130: Appendix 2 129 Discrete; !- Numeric
Page 131 and 132: Appendix 2 131 Fraction, !- Schedul
Page 133 and 134: Appendix 2 133 Air Conditioner:Wind
Page 135 and 136: Appendix 2 135 , !- Sensible Heat F
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Appendix 2 137 281, !- Lighting Lev
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Appendix 2 139 OG2 InfilTRATION, !-
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Appendix 2 141 OG3, !- Zone Name 16
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Appendix 2 143 0.004, !- Zone Heati
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Appendix 2 145 Zone15WindACAirInlet
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Appendix 2 147 0, !- Maximum Flow R
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Appendix 2 149 Zone16WindACOAMixer,
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Appendix 2 151 Zone 9 Outlet Node;
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Appendix 2 153 Stand Alone ERV 16,
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Appendix 2 155 ZoneHVAC:WindowAirCo
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Appendix 2 157 ZoneHVAC:Baseboard:C
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Appendix 2 159 Zone Control Type Sc
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Appendix 2 161 WindACPLFFPLR, !- Pa
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Appendix 2 163 Stand Alone ERV Supp
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Appendix 2 165 0.03001, !- Maximum
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Appendix 2 167 0.81, !- Sensible Ef
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Appendix 2 169 !- == ALL OBJECTS IN
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