analysis of the influences of solar radiation and façade glazing ...

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3.3 Estimation of thermal energy gain and loss through building fenestration 74 (Window Heat Gain Energy - Window Heat Loss Energy) per 1m2 of glazing system [kWh/m2 ] 0,00 -5,00 -10,00 -15,00 -20,00 -25,00 -30,00 HANNOVER BERLIN DUSSELDORF FRANKFURT HAMBURG West-Balcony window -26,52 -29,43 -22,46 -21,23 -27,86 Fig. 3.24: Difference between heat gain and loss energy from west-side windows during a typical heating season. (Window Heat Gain Energy - Window Heat Loss Energy) per 1m2 of glazing system [kWh/m2 ] 0,00 -5,00 -10,00 -15,00 -20,00 -25,00 -30,00 HANNOVER BERLIN DUSSELDORF FRANKFURT HAMBURG East-Window -21,29 -22,86 -16,97 -15,90 -22,24 Fig. 3.25: Difference between heat gain and loss energy from east-side windows during a typical heating season. The results of simulations indicate that: • only south-side windows have a positive energy balance for all examined locations, • the most intensive solar heat gain can be achieved for the weather conditions in Frankfurt, • the lowest heat loss through the windows we found were in the the locations of Düsseldorf and Frankfurt, • the most favourable weather, from the viewpoint of energy consumption, appears in the areas surrounding Berlin.
3.3 Estimation of thermal energy gain and loss through building fenestration 75 A positive energy balance of south-faced windows concerns the whole heating period. This does not mean that heat gains exceeded losses for each “cold” month. As we can see in Fig. 3.26 in December and January the windows energy balance is negative. (Window Heat Gain Energy - Window Heat Loss Energy) per 1m2 of glazing system [kWh/m2 ] 10,00 8,00 6,00 4,00 2,00 0,00 -2,00 -4,00 -6,00 October November December January February March South-Balcony window 5,104 3,466 -4,064 -1,748 5,730 8,862 Fig. 3.26: Month-average energy balance of south-side windows. The next problem, which the computer simulations disclosed, was the variability of passive solar gain connected to the windows height to the ground level. This relationship is illustrated in Fig. 3.27. (Window Heat Gain Energy - Window Heat Loss Energy) per 1m2 of glazing system [kWh/m2 ] 25,00 20,00 15,00 10,00 5,00 0,00 1st floor 2nd floor 3rd floor 4th floor 5th floor South-Balcony window 13,70 14,16 15,14 17,35 19,95 South-Window 8,42 9,37 13,21 18,66 25,20 Fig. 3.27: Difference between solar gain and heat loss for south façade. As expected, the results of the calculations showed a strong relationship between the passive solar gains and the relative height of the glazing system. It should be noted that the
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ANALYSIS OF THE INFLUENCES OF SOLAR
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than the inner air temperature. It
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4.1 SUMMARY .......................
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Subscripts σ - Stefan-Boltzmann co
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1.1 Introduction 9 Another problem,
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1.2 Background and literature revie
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Page 23 and 24: 1.2 Background and literature revie
Page 41 and 42: 2.1 Building energy simulation soft
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Page 53 and 54: 3.1 Building description 53 Fig. 3.
Page 55 and 56: 3.1 Building description 55 All int
Page 57 and 58: 3.1 Building description 57 Case B5
Page 59 and 60: 3.1 Building description 59 Of cour
Page 61 and 62: 3.1 Building description 61 Outside
Page 63 and 64: 3.1 Building description 63 In orde
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Page 79 and 80: 3.4 Testing of a building indoor en
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Page 91 and 92: 3.5 Optimization of a solar domesti
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Page 101 and 102: 4.2 Comments and conclusions 101 So
Page 103 and 104: 4.3 Future research 103 of the annu
Page 105 and 106: References 105 Beausoleil-Morrison,
Page 107 and 108: References 107 Hendron, R., et al.
Page 109 and 110: References 109 Rees, S. and Haves,
Page 111 and 112: References 111 Yohanis, Y.G., et al
Page 113 and 114: Appendix 1 113 Fig. A1.1 VASATI 2.0
Page 123 and 124: Appendix 2 123 !-Generator IDFEdito
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Appendix 2 125 0.035, !- Conductivi
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Appendix 2 127 , !- Zone Inside Con
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Appendix 2 129 Discrete; !- Numeric
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Appendix 2 131 Fraction, !- Schedul
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Appendix 2 133 Air Conditioner:Wind
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Appendix 2 135 , !- Sensible Heat F
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Appendix 2 137 281, !- Lighting Lev
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Appendix 2 139 OG2 InfilTRATION, !-
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Appendix 2 141 OG3, !- Zone Name 16
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Appendix 2 143 0.004, !- Zone Heati
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Appendix 2 145 Zone15WindACAirInlet
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Appendix 2 147 0, !- Maximum Flow R
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Appendix 2 149 Zone16WindACOAMixer,
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Appendix 2 151 Zone 9 Outlet Node;
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Appendix 2 153 Stand Alone ERV 16,
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Appendix 2 155 ZoneHVAC:WindowAirCo
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Appendix 2 157 ZoneHVAC:Baseboard:C
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Appendix 2 159 Zone Control Type Sc
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Appendix 2 161 WindACPLFFPLR, !- Pa
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Appendix 2 163 Stand Alone ERV Supp
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Appendix 2 165 0.03001, !- Maximum
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Appendix 2 167 0.81, !- Sensible Ef
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Appendix 2 169 !- == ALL OBJECTS IN
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