analysis of the influences of solar radiation and façade glazing ...

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3.1 Building description 60 Building envelope The building envelope is characterized by the enlarged value of the window-to-wall ratio, which is highlighted in Table 3.6. Table 3.6: Window-to-Wall Ratio. Total North 315 to 45 deg East 45 to 135 deg South 135 to 225 deg West 225 to 315 deg Gross Wall Area * (m 2 ) 1855.4 448.41 478.83 448.41 479.74 Window Opening Area (m 2 ) 768.42 148.11 155.67 205.26 259.37 Window-Wall Ratio (%) 41.42 33.03 32.51 45.78 54.07 * - dimensions at wall axis HVAC and DHW systems The simulation takes a Variable Air Volume (VAV) system into consideration using a heat recovery exchanger with its economizer (free cooling) controller and baseboard convective heaters. Fig. 3.6 shows a general schema of zone heating and ventilation equipment. HVAC systems are designed specifically to reduce energy waste. Details of an energysaving air distribution unit are presented in Fig. 3.7 . Return air Zone i (single apartment) High temperature convectionradiation heating system Fig. 3.6: Diagram of HVAC system for a single zone. Air distribution system Supply air
3.1 Building description 61 Outside air Relief air Fig. 3.7: Controlled ventilation system with a heat recovery unit KWL EC 300. Domestic hot water (DHW) will be warmed by using tube collectors and auxiliary water heaters. Gas-fired condensing boilers are used in this case as a heat source for DHW and central heating systems. (Fig. 3.8) solar collector Mixed Air System Heat Recovery Return Fan Apartment exhaust Supply Fan Storage tank option Fig. 3.8: Two-tank solar heating system connection diagram set in calculations. Heating Coil Zone i (single apartment) Cooling Coil Apartment supply Zone equipment Heat source Auxiliary water heater
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ANALYSIS OF THE INFLUENCES OF SOLAR
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than the inner air temperature. It
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4.1 SUMMARY .......................
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Subscripts σ - Stefan-Boltzmann co
Page 9 and 10: 1.1 Introduction 9 Another problem,
Page 11 and 12: 1.2 Background and literature revie
Page 41 and 42: 2.1 Building energy simulation soft
Page 47 and 48: 2.2 Experimental research methods 4
Page 53 and 54: 3.1 Building description 53 Fig. 3.
Page 55 and 56: 3.1 Building description 55 All int
Page 57 and 58: 3.1 Building description 57 Case B5
Page 59: 3.1 Building description 59 Of cour
Page 63 and 64: 3.1 Building description 63 In orde
Page 69 and 70: 3.2 Selection of the optimal glazin
Page 71 and 72: 3.3 Estimation of thermal energy ga
Page 79 and 80: 3.4 Testing of a building indoor en
Page 81 and 82: 36 34 32 30 28 26 24 22 20 18 36 34
Page 83 and 84: 3,00 2,50 2,00 1,50 1,00 0,50 0,00
Page 91 and 92: 3.5 Optimization of a solar domesti
Page 99 and 100: 4.1 Summary 99 4 Summary and conclu
Page 101 and 102: 4.2 Comments and conclusions 101 So
Page 103 and 104: 4.3 Future research 103 of the annu
Page 105 and 106: References 105 Beausoleil-Morrison,
Page 107 and 108: References 107 Hendron, R., et al.
Page 109 and 110: References 109 Rees, S. and Haves,
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References 111 Yohanis, Y.G., et al
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Appendix 1 113 Fig. A1.1 VASATI 2.0
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Appendix 2 123 !-Generator IDFEdito
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Appendix 2 125 0.035, !- Conductivi
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Appendix 2 127 , !- Zone Inside Con
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Appendix 2 129 Discrete; !- Numeric
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Appendix 2 131 Fraction, !- Schedul
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Appendix 2 133 Air Conditioner:Wind
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Appendix 2 135 , !- Sensible Heat F
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Appendix 2 137 281, !- Lighting Lev
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Appendix 2 139 OG2 InfilTRATION, !-
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Appendix 2 141 OG3, !- Zone Name 16
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Appendix 2 143 0.004, !- Zone Heati
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Appendix 2 145 Zone15WindACAirInlet
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Appendix 2 147 0, !- Maximum Flow R
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Appendix 2 149 Zone16WindACOAMixer,
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Appendix 2 151 Zone 9 Outlet Node;
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Appendix 2 153 Stand Alone ERV 16,
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Appendix 2 155 ZoneHVAC:WindowAirCo
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Appendix 2 157 ZoneHVAC:Baseboard:C
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Appendix 2 159 Zone Control Type Sc
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Appendix 2 161 WindACPLFFPLR, !- Pa
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Appendix 2 163 Stand Alone ERV Supp
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Appendix 2 165 0.03001, !- Maximum
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Appendix 2 167 0.81, !- Sensible Ef
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Appendix 2 169 !- == ALL OBJECTS IN
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