analysis of the influences of solar radiation and façade glazing ...

More documents

Recommendations

Info

3.3 Estimation of thermal energy gain and loss through building fenestration 72 District heating [kWh] 30 000 29 000 28 000 27 000 26 000 25 000 24 000 23 000 22 000 21 000 20 000 design value 0 10 20 30 40 50 Window-Wall Ratio [%] Fig. 3.21: Relationship between energy for space heating and window-to-wall area. As it turned out, we could describe the relationship between the energy consumption for space heating Eh and the window-to-wall ratio with a high level of accuracy by using the following linear equation: Eh = 210 , 8⋅WWR+ 20262. (3.1) It is important to emphasize that it is impossible to find an optimal value of WWR if we use this simple approach to the subject under examination. It was proposed to find a procedure for determining the optimal value of the window-towall ratio. This method consists of the three following steps: I. calculation of energy balance for windows on each side of the building separately, II. increase an area of the windows with the positive energy balance to the maximum limit, III. reduce the size of the windows with a negative energy balance to the minimal value, which depends on the floor space for all living rooms. Therefore, in the beginning it was necessary to examine each building façade separately. Fig. 3.22 – Fig. 3.25 show the energy balance of the glazing systems for the north, south, west and east faces of the building, respectively. Simulations were conducted for the following five locations in Germany: Hannover, Berlin, Düsseldorf, Frankfurt and
3.3 Estimation of thermal energy gain and loss through building fenestration 73 Hamburg under different weather conditions. Reports of the calculations are presented for triple-glazed windows as well as for double–glazed balcony windows. (Window Heat Gain Energy - Window Heat Loss Energy) per 1m2 of glazing system [kWh/m2 ] 0,00 -5,00 -10,00 -15,00 -20,00 -25,00 -30,00 -35,00 -40,00 -45,00 HANNOVER BERLIN DUSSELDORF FRANKFURT HAMBURG North-Balcony window -39,98 -40,32 -33,70 -37,38 -40,09 North-Window -27,86 -28,37 -22,52 -25,41 -28,23 Fig. 3.22: Difference between heat gain and loss energy from north-side windows during a typical heating season. (Window Heat Gain Energy - Window Heat Loss Energy) per 1m2 of glazing system [kWh/m2 ] 25,00 20,00 15,00 10,00 5,00 0,00 HANNOVER BERLIN DUSSELDORF FRANKFURT HAMBURG South-Balcony window 17,35 10,85 15,87 19,13 11,28 South-Window 18,66 14,48 19,30 23,24 14,71 Fig. 3.23: Difference between heat gain and loss energy from south-side windows during a typical heating season.
Page 1 and 2:
ANALYSIS OF THE INFLUENCES OF SOLAR
Page 3 and 4:
than the inner air temperature. It
Page 5 and 6:
4.1 SUMMARY .......................
Page 7 and 8:
Subscripts σ - Stefan-Boltzmann co
Page 9 and 10:
1.1 Introduction 9 Another problem,
Page 11 and 12:
1.2 Background and literature revie
Page 13 and 14:
Page 15 and 16:
Page 17 and 18:
Page 19 and 20:
Page 21 and 22: 1.2 Background and literature revie
Page 41 and 42: 2.1 Building energy simulation soft
Page 47 and 48: 2.2 Experimental research methods 4
Page 53 and 54: 3.1 Building description 53 Fig. 3.
Page 55 and 56: 3.1 Building description 55 All int
Page 57 and 58: 3.1 Building description 57 Case B5
Page 59 and 60: 3.1 Building description 59 Of cour
Page 61 and 62: 3.1 Building description 61 Outside
Page 63 and 64: 3.1 Building description 63 In orde
Page 69 and 70: 3.2 Selection of the optimal glazin
Page 71: 3.3 Estimation of thermal energy ga
Page 75 and 76: 3.3 Estimation of thermal energy ga
Page 77 and 78: 3.3 Estimation of thermal energy ga
Page 79 and 80: 3.4 Testing of a building indoor en
Page 81 and 82: 36 34 32 30 28 26 24 22 20 18 36 34
Page 83 and 84: 3,00 2,50 2,00 1,50 1,00 0,50 0,00
Page 91 and 92: 3.5 Optimization of a solar domesti
Page 99 and 100: 4.1 Summary 99 4 Summary and conclu
Page 101 and 102: 4.2 Comments and conclusions 101 So
Page 103 and 104: 4.3 Future research 103 of the annu
Page 105 and 106: References 105 Beausoleil-Morrison,
Page 107 and 108: References 107 Hendron, R., et al.
Page 109 and 110: References 109 Rees, S. and Haves,
Page 111 and 112: References 111 Yohanis, Y.G., et al
Page 113 and 114: Appendix 1 113 Fig. A1.1 VASATI 2.0
Page 123 and 124:
Appendix 2 123 !-Generator IDFEdito
Page 125 and 126:
Appendix 2 125 0.035, !- Conductivi
Page 127 and 128:
Appendix 2 127 , !- Zone Inside Con
Page 129 and 130:
Appendix 2 129 Discrete; !- Numeric
Page 131 and 132:
Appendix 2 131 Fraction, !- Schedul
Page 133 and 134:
Appendix 2 133 Air Conditioner:Wind
Page 135 and 136:
Appendix 2 135 , !- Sensible Heat F
Page 137 and 138:
Appendix 2 137 281, !- Lighting Lev
Page 139 and 140:
Appendix 2 139 OG2 InfilTRATION, !-
Page 141 and 142:
Appendix 2 141 OG3, !- Zone Name 16
Page 143 and 144:
Appendix 2 143 0.004, !- Zone Heati
Page 145 and 146:
Appendix 2 145 Zone15WindACAirInlet
Page 147 and 148:
Appendix 2 147 0, !- Maximum Flow R
Page 149 and 150:
Appendix 2 149 Zone16WindACOAMixer,
Page 151 and 152:
Appendix 2 151 Zone 9 Outlet Node;
Page 153 and 154:
Appendix 2 153 Stand Alone ERV 16,
Page 155 and 156:
Appendix 2 155 ZoneHVAC:WindowAirCo
Page 157 and 158:
Appendix 2 157 ZoneHVAC:Baseboard:C
Page 159 and 160:
Appendix 2 159 Zone Control Type Sc
Page 161 and 162:
Appendix 2 161 WindACPLFFPLR, !- Pa
Page 163 and 164:
Appendix 2 163 Stand Alone ERV Supp
Page 165 and 166:
Appendix 2 165 0.03001, !- Maximum
Page 167 and 168:
Appendix 2 167 0.81, !- Sensible Ef
Page 169 and 170:
Appendix 2 169 !- == ALL OBJECTS IN
show all

analysis of the influences of solar radiation and façade glazing ...

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?