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2.1 Building energy simulation s<strong>of</strong>tware 43<br />

In EnergyPlus, <strong>the</strong> scheme <strong>of</strong> calculations, shown in Fig. 2.3, is based on a series <strong>of</strong><br />

elements connected by air or water loops. Each fluid circuit has supply <strong>and</strong> dem<strong>and</strong> sides.<br />

The Gauss-Seidell scheme is used to integrate, control <strong>and</strong> solve mass <strong>and</strong> energy balance<br />

equations for all loops.<br />

Fig. 2.3: Simultaneous solution scheme used in EnergyPlus<br />

A concept <strong>of</strong> heat <strong>and</strong> mass transfer modelling in EnergyPlus is based on <strong>the</strong> following<br />

balancing equation for each analyzed zone.<br />

q � q CONV IL + qCONV−S<br />

+ qMIX<br />

+ qINF<br />

+ qSYS<br />

��<br />

where:<br />

q<br />

CONV −S<br />

q<br />

MIX<br />

INF<br />

=<br />

=<br />

q<br />

− , (2.1)<br />

q<br />

Zi<br />

CONV − IL<br />

dθZi<br />

= CZi<br />

– energy stored in air inside control volume,<br />

dt<br />

=<br />

∑ = i nl<br />

i=<br />

1<br />

q<br />

L i<br />

, – convective internal heat loads,<br />

∑ ( )<br />

= i ns<br />

hi<br />

Ai<br />

θ Si −θ<br />

Zi – convective heat transfer from <strong>the</strong> internal surfaces,<br />

i=<br />

1<br />

∑ ( )<br />

= i nz<br />

G&<br />

ic<br />

p θ zj −θ<br />

Zi – heat transfer between zones due to air mixing,<br />

i=<br />

1<br />

INF<br />

cp<br />

( θe − Zi )<br />

( θ − )<br />

q = G θ & – heat transfer due to infiltration,<br />

q = G c θ<br />

& – energy provided to <strong>the</strong> zone by <strong>the</strong> ventilation system,<br />

SYS<br />

SUP<br />

p<br />

SUP<br />

ZONE<br />

Zi<br />

C Zi – heat capacitance <strong>of</strong> air inside zone,<br />

θ – temperature <strong>of</strong> air inside zone,<br />

Zi<br />

t – time,<br />

nl – number <strong>of</strong> heat loads,<br />

q L,<br />

i – internal heat load by convection,<br />

ns – number <strong>of</strong> heat transfer surfaces,<br />

h – convective heat transfer coefficient,<br />

i<br />

A – heat transfer surface area,<br />

i<br />

SYSTEM<br />

< FLUID LOOPS ><br />

PLANT

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