Note on this edition: this is an electronic version of the 1999 book ...

The Ancestry of the Demonic 51tween god and man. In this “high” version the angels, the superhuman beingsand messengers between god and man, are depicted as corrupted andled by an inverse authority, a Dark Prince (as a blasphemous analogue toChrist, or God himself). The second, “low” discourse articulates evil interms that situate it between man and animal, or grotesque body. A demonic(an irritating, provocative, and trivial, at the same time) mirroring can be detectedhere: god–man becomes man–dog: the exalted becomes somethingabject and vile. 108 The use of demonic figures can usefully be understood as aparticular kind of borderline discourse; as Julia Kristeva writes in the contextof the abject, phobia and the splitting of the ego:The “unconscious” contents remain here excluded but in strange fashion:not radically enough to allow for a secure differentiation between subjectand object, and yet clearly enough for a defensive position to be established– one that implies a refusal but also a sublimating elaboration. 109It should be pointed out that the category of holy implies the existenceof the unholy; that the irreverent diablerie is a constant companion to thepious struggles of the devout. Neither can the two aspects (“lower” and“higher”) of the demonic tradition be clearly separated; instead, interminglingand heterogeneity seem to be the most distinctive aesthetic features ofthis tradition both in literature and the arts. The demonic may appear whereverthere are unresolved conflicts – in the shape of a hairy devil as well as aDark Prince; the devil is called “the father of lies,” which underlines thetransformative character of demonic imagery.As far as these two aspects can never be completely be set apart (as the“serious” impulse is constantly undermined by grotesque details, and as theridiculous hides important concerns) we can speak about one demonic tradition.This tradition is rich and internally conflicting enough to fertilise eventhe most demanding imaginations and minds. Instead of having one fixedidentity, the demon is an inhabitant of borderlands. It is characterised by theconstant tension between the desirable and the repulsive, and also the discursiveuse of the demonic figures can be characterised as divided and discordant.The moral and ontological conflicts of self, dramatic transgressionsof limits, as those between “us” / “them,” “inside” / “outside,” “desirable” /“forbidden” are given their conflicting expressions in the figurative and discursivelevel. The heterogeneous historical and cultural background of thedemonic elements in modern literature and movies makes it impossible toestablish any tight boundaries for the demonic imagination. The demonic(in its various forms as separate figures and as a thematic field) is set apartfrom the rest of fantastic elements by some reference to this tradition: thissort of reference acts as an interpretative guide for the reader, who may thus108See below, analyses of Clive Barker’s play and W.P. Blatty’s The Exorcist (pp. 159-60 and 192).109Kristeva 1980/1982, 7.