broadband strategies handbook.pdf - Khazar University

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Competitive broadband markets typically have multiple tariffs withvarying levels of bandwidth, data download caps, and discounts. This presentsmethodological challenges in terms of compiling comparative broadbandtariff indicators across technologies. Baskets of monthly services areoften used as a common measure of price trends that factor in caps andspeeds. The key components include the monthly price of broadband service,the corresponding speed, and, if applicable, the cap and prices forexceeding the cap. Capped versus unlimited packages pose comparisonproblems, but can be mitigated somewhat by comparing price per advertisedMbit/s.An example comparing wireline and mobile broadband monthly pricesfor selected economies is shown in table 2.6. The example illustrates thevarious ways of looking at broadband pricing and highlights comparabilityissues. One notable aspect is the difference between entry-level prices,speeds, and affordability (in terms of price as a percentage of per capitaincome). For example, although an entry-level fixed broadband package inTurkey costs almost twice as much as in Brazil, the Turkish tariff is a slightlybetter value since the download speed is twice as fast as in Brazil. Similarly,although the entry-level price for fixed broadband in Brazil is more thantwice that in Vietnam, it is much more affordable in Brazil than in Vietnam(although the value of the Vietnamese package is 10 times more).Mobile broadband pricing is a bit more difficult to compare, since someoperators do not guarantee advertised speeds. Instead, prices tend to varyby the volume of data downloaded per month. Nevertheless, as table 2.6shows, the price of mobile broadband is the same as or lower than the priceof wireline broadband (except in Brazil). It is important to note that mobilebroadband is more often capped than wireline and that real mobile broadbandspeeds are also lower in many cases.How to Measure?Broadband indicators affect many parties. Government agencies responsiblefor broadband policy should consult internationally comparableindicators and identify those most suitable for monitoring and evaluation.Best practice suggests that national regulatory agencies should compilebroadband statistics, such as number of subscriptions, solicited from operators.This arises out of their mandate to regulate and monitor the sector.Ideally, policy makers consult and cooperate with national statisticalagencies that have the technical skills to produce demand-side statisticsthrough household and enterprise surveys, asking about broadband possessionor use of different ICTs by households and businesses (or by82 Broadband Strategies Handbook
Table 2.6 Monthly Prices for Wireline and Mobile Broadband in Selected Countries, 2011Indicator Brazil Kenya Morocco Sri Lanka Turkey VietnamFixed broadbandbasket, unlimited(US$) 16.99 39.36 c 11.86 14.18 30.10 7.93Speed (Mbit/s) 0.512 0.256 1.000 0.512 1.000 2.56US$ per Mbit/s 33 154 12 28 30 3% GDP per capita 1.9 28.4 4.4 7.0 3.5 8.1Mobile broadbandbasket, 1 GB, (US$) 51.27 26.24 11.86 4.34 19.93 6.34Speed (Mbit/s) 1.0 a 7.2 b 1.8 a 7.2 b 7.2 b 3.6 aUS$ per Mbit/s 51 3.7 7 1 2.8 2% GDP per capita 5.7 18.9 4.4 2.1 2.3 6.5Annual averageexchange rate, 2010(LCU per US$1) 1.7536 76.1926 8.3507 112.7960 1.5054 18,919.1000GDP per capita (US$) 10,816 1,662 3,249 2,435 10,399 1,174Fixed-broadbandbasket, 1 GB (LCU) 29.8 2,9990 99.00 1,600.00 45.31 150,000.00Mobile broadbandbasket, 1 GB, (LCU) 89.9 1,999.0 99.0 490.0 30.0 120,000.0Sources: Adapted from Telefonica, VIVO (Brazil); Orange, Safricom (Kenya); Maroc Telecom (Morocco); SLT, Dialog (Sri Lanka);TTNET, Turkcell (Turkey); VNN, MobiFone (Vietnam).Note: GB = gigabyte; LCU = local currency unit.a. Advertised download speed.b. Theoretical download speed.c. Includes 30 minutes of on-net calls. For fixed broadband, least expensive uncapped plan providing download speed of at least256 kilobits per second (kbp/s). For mobile broadband, least expensive plan offering 1 GB per month of download and downloadspeed of at least 256 kbit/s.individuals). Broadband operators play a key role, both as providers and asconsumers of the data.The entities best positioned to provide supply-side data are the suppliersof the relevant services. It is common for provisions mandating the reportingof data to the government or the regulatory agency to be included instatutes governing the industry or in licenses or concession contracts. Irrespectiveof legal provisions, the principal challenge will be to ensure regularand timely reporting of the required indicators based on adherence toagreed-upon standard definitions and procedures.Policy Approaches to Promoting Broadband Development 83
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Public Disclosure AuthorizedPublic
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BroadbandStrategiesHandbookEditorsT
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CONTENTSForewordAcknowledgmentsAbou
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Broadband Experiences in Selected C
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2.3 Addressing Bottlenecks in Broad
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5.2 DSL Connection Speeds, by Type
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asis for the ICT Regulation Toolkit
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Case studies were prepared to suppo
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ABBREVIATIONS2G3G3GPP4GACEADSLAPECA
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FDMAFICORAFIRSTFITELFRIENDSFTTxFUST
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MyICMSNBINBNNBPNBSNCCNGANGNNPVOBAOE
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VSATW-CDMAWDMWi-FiWiMAXWSISxDSLvery
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side) and the adoption of broadband
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CHAPTER 1Building BroadbandIn just
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demonstrate that broadband can enab
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While some may disagree on the prec
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Figure 1.2 Estimated Minimum and Ma
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Broadband, Employment, and Job Crea
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Broadband as a General-Purpose Tech
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allow businesses to move more rapid
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In addition, sophisticated services
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Box 1.3: Mobile Health Services in
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Countries around the world are prov
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Table 1.3 Wireless and Wireline Bro
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Box 1.4: User Trends That Promote D
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Under the ecosystem model (figure 1
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As discussed, broadband alone has l
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Box 1.5: Capacity to Absorb Technol
Page 61 and 62: 5. Apple, “Staggering iPhone App
Page 63 and 64: Commission of the European Communit
Page 65 and 66: Ndahiro, Moses. 2010. “RDB Forgin
Page 67 and 68: CHAPTER 2Policy Approaches to Promo
Page 69 and 70: facilitate, and complement market d
Page 71 and 72: development for governments to focu
Page 73 and 74: Box 2.1: Public Sector’s Role in
Page 75 and 76: A good plan should aim to promote e
Page 77 and 78: Box 2.2: Broadband Strategies in Mi
Page 79 and 80: (for example, network build-out, sp
Page 81 and 82: through construction and adoption.
Page 83 and 84: Policy Approaches to Promoting Broa
Page 85 and 86: island developing states (SIDSs) 6
Page 87 and 88: In Europe, for example, where the i
Page 89 and 90: operations of a dominant provider,
Page 91 and 92: previously had no broadband access.
Page 93 and 94: Broadband applications and services
Page 95 and 96: provide service to profitable, high
Page 97 and 98: delivering fiber-based coverage at
Page 99 and 100: e good for the economy, but are unl
Page 101 and 102: planned economic stimulus packages.
Page 103 and 104: urban households by 2012. Under the
Page 105 and 106: Policy Approaches to Promoting Broa
Page 107 and 108: Figure 2.4 Categ ories of Broadband
Page 109 and 110: the EU and also provides a breakdow
Page 111: Figure 2.7 Avera ge Download Speed
Page 115 and 116: may also argue that broadband is no
Page 117 and 118: 19. “Average Broadband Speed Is S
Page 119: ———. 2010. “Wireless Broadb
Page 122 and 123: its full potential is realized, a c
Page 124 and 125: or authorization, which thereby ena
Page 126 and 127: Figure 3.2 Example of Multiservice
Page 128 and 129: When considering adopting flexible-
Page 130 and 131: Spectrum trading (also known as “
Page 132 and 133: in 2003 on the renewal of GSM licen
Page 134: However, given the various timeline
Page 138 and 139: IP-Based Interco nnection: Wholesal
Page 140 and 141: arrangements (for example, BAK) or
Page 142 and 143: Regulating Bottl enecks in the Broa
Page 144 and 145: example, after conducting a review
Page 146 and 147: Particularly for rural and remote a
Page 148 and 149: lower cost structure in rural areas
Page 150 and 151: physical space in buildings), tower
Page 152 and 153: 2010, 494-95). In such cases, a dom
Page 154 and 155: separation is considered a last-res
Page 156 and 157: “best efforts” basis, deliverin
Page 158 and 159: Table 3.1 Status of Net Neutrality
Page 160 and 161: oadband requires a significant focu
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CybercrimeCybercrime can be broadly
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frameworks prepared to prevent, ide
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Privacy by Design“Privacy by desi
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of privacy laws. One example is the
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y providing alternative sources of
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works has become a major issue. IPR
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8. Decree-Law no. 151-A/2000 (July
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€100,000 fine imposed in France i
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Benkler, Yochai. 2006. The Wealth o
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Regulatory Framework for Electronic
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———. 2009b. “Understanding
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United States, FTC (Federal Trade C
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public sector investment for privat
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in the European Commission’s 2010
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oadband deployment. In certain inst
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(for example, international gateway
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for developing and financing teleco
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Box 4.3: Broadband Development in R
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allowing operators to obtain additi
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It may be possible to reduce the co
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In the context of market-oriented e
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viable on their own, and to determi
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The supply side. The primary concer
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years, a local municipality or a no
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UASFs if the contributions and the
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B ox 4.5: Regional Communications I
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licensed operators, for example, ca
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Box 4.6: Reform of the USF in the U
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through the use of UASFs, PPPs, or
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14. ITU, “ITU Statshot,” Januar
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Dymond, Andrew. 2010. “Universal
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Wellenius, Björn, Vivien Foster, a
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effectively and efficiently. This h
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attractive to leverage existing net
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incumbent operators around the worl
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capital in the short run. Carriers
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provide a point-to-point or point-t
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and regional fiber backbones may no
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of smaller ISPs. For example, in or
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fiber optic cable capacity services
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F igure 5.5 Backbone Networks in Bo
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Table 5.1Optimum Choice of Backbone
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With a Layer 3 IXP, traffic is exch
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networks running along grids or rai
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220Figure 5.7 Metro Fiber Ringcarri
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Figure 5.8 Number of Broadband Subs
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challenges by extending distances a
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Internet access provides download s
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Table 5.3 FTTP Acce ss ProtocolsAcc
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(120 kbit/s, according to the GSMA)
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Table 5.4 EV-DO Peak an d Average S
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High-Speed Packet Access refers to
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go beyond those of IMT-2000” (Blu
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• Relief for congested mobile net
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has to purchase additional download
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14. Internet Service Providers’ A
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ReferencesAustralia, Department of
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Marks, Roger. 2010. “IEEE 802.16
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justify those investments. Demand-s
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Figure 6.2 Elements of Digital Lite
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overall educational background of a
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Broadband can also improve digital
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Box 6.2: Measur ing Digital Literac
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oadband needs within the context of
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Commerce, illustrate the importance
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Box 6.4: Device Price TrendsNew com
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Box 6.5: Promoting Dig ital Literac
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Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evoluti
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Shared or Community AccessIn additi
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Within the broadband ecosystem, the
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Others have developed more extensiv
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high-bandwidth networks, online int
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Box 6.7: Colombia’s 2010 Plan V i
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Pakistan, the Philippines, and Sout
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with family and friends as well as
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open call for assistance, such as v
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can be divided into three broad cat
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those used in the 31 local versions
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23. Ultimately, the subsidies were
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Cooper, Brendan. 2010. “Giving Af
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O’Reilly, Tim. 2005. “What Is W
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CHAPTER 7Global Footprints: Stories
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Box 7.1: The Eight Millennium Devel
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Broadband Bottlenecks and Opportuni
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Figure 7.3 Broadband Connections Re
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Regional DevelopmentsThis section h
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Box 7.3 continuedThis resulted in i
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penetration. For example, in 2005,
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households reported that they did n
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on content, high cost of personal c
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T able 7.1 Broadband Plans and Poli
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Countrie s in Special Circumstances
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impact in many SIDSs, and broadband
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Fig ure 7.6 Broadband Country Summa
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South Asia: Sri Lanka Sri Lanka was
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has gone from relying on satellite
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and providing broadband to all scho
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Innovative business models have con
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Germany (Tuan 2011). Wireline broad
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13. See Pakistan Universal Service
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———. 2010b. World Telecommuni
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APPENDIX AWeblinks to NationalBroad
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APP ENDIX BPolicies and Programs fo
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Allocate andassignspectrumSupply:do
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they are unsure of the returns on t
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Create anenablingenvironmentfor int
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ShooFeeTV. c The funding will be us
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Expandaccess tounderservedcommuniti
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INDEXAABI Research, 102, 118absorpt
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Bolivia, 16borrowing for backbone n
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local connectivity, 116-19, 229-38,
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in Sri Lanka, 312, 319f7.6, 321t7.2
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EUROSTAT, as source of statistics,
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GPT. See general-purpose technology
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and UAS, 168-69use of electrical wi
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promoting of, 284-86, 289nn42-44and
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mobile health services in, 17b1.3ne
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adio frequency identification (RFID
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in Bahrain, 80, 81f2.7, 240CDMA, 23
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transparencyand accounting methods,
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wireless access technologies, 229-3
Page 408:
The world is shifting from narrowba
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