broadband strategies handbook.pdf - Khazar University

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individual users, and access to broadbandservice, 158–59Indonesia, 230, 280, 305Indotel, Dominican Republic, 161b4.1Indus Tower, 120industrial sectors, and supply chainmanagement, 15Industry Canada, 159Infocom, Uganda, 210Info-communications DevelopmentAuthority (IDA), Singapore, 50, 81, 122,207infoDev, 183informationfile sharing, 142networked information economy, 139–40information and communicationstechnologies (ICTs), 1, 161, 296, 318and achieving MDGs, 297broadband as enabling platform for, 4–5,11, 29b1.5Chile, 47b2.2and GDP growth, 5–6impact of R&D on, 12–13Korea, 163Morocco, 324national plans for, 306–8and private-led markets in, 156–57, 189n1role of public sector in promotion of,38–44skills to use, 249–50training for, 15–16, 250–51, 254, 257–58and WSIS targets, 297–98information technology (IT), Sweden, 48informed consent, 135infrastructure, 172, 197, 200, 300, 322access to, 56–57Brazil, 318components of, 196–98as constraint, 313costs of, 13–14, 31n6fixed-line, 124France, 167household income used for services, 175,190nn18–19impact on broadband market, 300–301investment in, 304b7.3policies and programs for, 338–42tB.1in postconflict countries, 317regulation versus investment in, 111required for wireline broadband,299–300, 299–302sharing of, 57–58, 119–21, 145n21supply factors, 39bottlenecks in supply chain, 112–19,144n16promotion of supply of, 52, 54–59,60t2.3, 85n6supply trends, 20–22innovations, 12–13, 25–26, 327input, by stakeholders, 45–46Institute of Electrical and ElectronicsEngineers (IEEE), 219, 227–28, 234,236, 237institutional access to broadband, 159–60institutional capacity, as factor incompetition for subsidies, 178institutional settings, to gain ICTknowledge, 250–51Intel Classmate, 264b6.5, 666b6.6intellectual property rights (IPRs), 133, 138,141–43interconnections, 221charging arrangements, 108–11and IXPs in developing countries, 104–7need for in LLDCs, 316Vietnam, 329–30interference, 103, 229international connectivity, 112–14, 144n16,196, 197–98, 314, 327implementation issues, 208–10international links, 205–7, 241n10Internet links, 207–8, 209f5.4international cooperationand CII security, 130–31enforcement on privacy issues, 137–38,146nn35–37need for cybersecurity, 133–34International Data Corporations (IDC), 21International Development Association,181, 182b4.5, 191n26international development loans, 67, 85n6International Finance Corporation, 180–81,191n24International Mobile Telecommunications-Advanced (IMT-Advanced)technologies, 99, 235–36International Mobile Telecommunications(IMT), 230, 233International Telecommunication Union(ITU), 77, 180and DSL technology, 223and fiber optic cable protocols, 227–28and IMT, 230, 233and IMT-Advanced networks, 235–36as source of statistics, 84360 Broadband Strategies Handbook
and UAS, 168–69use of electrical wiring for homenetworking, 229and WiMAX, 235and WSIS targets, 297–98Internet, 1, 270–71access at school, 254access to in community access centers,255, 257blocking or slowing down servicedelivery, 124–25English language for, 284, 285f6.6,289n42non-users of, 247, 286n2points of presence for, 183, 186b4.7users of, 79, 268–69, 284See also privacy; securityInternet exchange points (IXPs)creation of, 210in developing countries, 104–7and domestic backbone, 214–16Uganda, 186b4.7Internet Industry Association,Australia, 141Internet Protocol-based interconnectionscharging arrangements, 108–11importance of, 104and IXPs in developing countries, 104–7Internet Protocol (IP)all-IP networks, 198–200, 241n1global IP carriers, 208, 209f5.4packet switching, 235version 6, 309b7.5Internet Protocol television (IPTV), 3, 92,200, 271–72Internet service providers (ISPs), 65, 71,104, 106incentives to extend backbone networks,217and Internet exchanges, 214–16and Internet links, 207–8, 209f5.4and investment in backbonenetworks, 206liability for content, 141and network neutrality, 124–25, 127peering arrangements for, 109performance of, 80–81tax incentives for, 170and technology neutrality, 93–94interventions, 163–67, 171Inuit Community, 178, 190n21investments, 40, 56, 226in fiber optic networks, 300as fiscal support, 69government support of, 64–65and licensing fees, 102market-based, 70–71in postconflict countries, 318from private sector, 2, 42, 64–65regulation versus investment ininfrastructure, 111in satellite technology, 203in submarine cable, 85n6in Sub-Saharan Africa, 313to support communications services, 180IPRs. See intellectual property rights(IPRs)IP. See Internet Protocol (IP)IPTV. See Internet Protocol television(IPTV)Iraq, 318Ireland, 159ISPs. See Internet service providers (ISPs)Israel, 224Italy, 29b1.5, 73, 74b2.5, 304b7.3ITP-C, 266b6.6IT. See information technology (IT)ITU. See International TelecommunicationUnion (ITU)IXPs. See Internet exchange points (IXPs)JJamaica, 160Japan, 226, 303–4b7.3, 335J:Com, Japan, 226Jeeran, 311job creation, impact of broadband on, 9–10,30n3joint ventures, and infrastructuresharing, 120Jordan, 311jurisdictional issues, 63KKazakhstan, 307–8KDN. See Kenya Data Networks (KDN)Kenya, 15, 314broadband development in, 319f7.6,320t7.2, 322–23increase in subscriptions, 61and IXPs in, 107and undersea landing stations, 316Kenya Data Networks (KDN), 54, 210Kenya ICT Board, 278, 284Kenya Internet exchange points (KIXP),107b3.2Index 361
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Public Disclosure AuthorizedPublic
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BroadbandStrategiesHandbookEditorsT
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CONTENTSForewordAcknowledgmentsAbou
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Broadband Experiences in Selected C
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2.3 Addressing Bottlenecks in Broad
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5.2 DSL Connection Speeds, by Type
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asis for the ICT Regulation Toolkit
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Case studies were prepared to suppo
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ABBREVIATIONS2G3G3GPP4GACEADSLAPECA
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FDMAFICORAFIRSTFITELFRIENDSFTTxFUST
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MyICMSNBINBNNBPNBSNCCNGANGNNPVOBAOE
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VSATW-CDMAWDMWi-FiWiMAXWSISxDSLvery
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side) and the adoption of broadband
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CHAPTER 1Building BroadbandIn just
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demonstrate that broadband can enab
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While some may disagree on the prec
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Figure 1.2 Estimated Minimum and Ma
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Broadband, Employment, and Job Crea
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Broadband as a General-Purpose Tech
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allow businesses to move more rapid
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In addition, sophisticated services
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Box 1.3: Mobile Health Services in
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Countries around the world are prov
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Table 1.3 Wireless and Wireline Bro
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Box 1.4: User Trends That Promote D
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Under the ecosystem model (figure 1
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As discussed, broadband alone has l
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Box 1.5: Capacity to Absorb Technol
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5. Apple, “Staggering iPhone App
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Commission of the European Communit
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Ndahiro, Moses. 2010. “RDB Forgin
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CHAPTER 2Policy Approaches to Promo
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facilitate, and complement market d
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development for governments to focu
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Box 2.1: Public Sector’s Role in
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A good plan should aim to promote e
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Box 2.2: Broadband Strategies in Mi
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(for example, network build-out, sp
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through construction and adoption.
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Policy Approaches to Promoting Broa
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island developing states (SIDSs) 6
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In Europe, for example, where the i
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operations of a dominant provider,
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previously had no broadband access.
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Broadband applications and services
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provide service to profitable, high
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delivering fiber-based coverage at
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e good for the economy, but are unl
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planned economic stimulus packages.
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urban households by 2012. Under the
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Policy Approaches to Promoting Broa
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Figure 2.4 Categ ories of Broadband
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the EU and also provides a breakdow
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Figure 2.7 Avera ge Download Speed
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Table 2.6 Monthly Prices for Wireli
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may also argue that broadband is no
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19. “Average Broadband Speed Is S
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———. 2010. “Wireless Broadb
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its full potential is realized, a c
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or authorization, which thereby ena
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Figure 3.2 Example of Multiservice
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When considering adopting flexible-
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Spectrum trading (also known as “
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in 2003 on the renewal of GSM licen
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However, given the various timeline
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IP-Based Interco nnection: Wholesal
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arrangements (for example, BAK) or
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Regulating Bottl enecks in the Broa
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example, after conducting a review
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Particularly for rural and remote a
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lower cost structure in rural areas
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physical space in buildings), tower
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2010, 494-95). In such cases, a dom
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separation is considered a last-res
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“best efforts” basis, deliverin
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Table 3.1 Status of Net Neutrality
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oadband requires a significant focu
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CybercrimeCybercrime can be broadly
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frameworks prepared to prevent, ide
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Privacy by Design“Privacy by desi
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of privacy laws. One example is the
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y providing alternative sources of
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works has become a major issue. IPR
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8. Decree-Law no. 151-A/2000 (July
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€100,000 fine imposed in France i
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Benkler, Yochai. 2006. The Wealth o
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Regulatory Framework for Electronic
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———. 2009b. “Understanding
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United States, FTC (Federal Trade C
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public sector investment for privat
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in the European Commission’s 2010
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oadband deployment. In certain inst
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(for example, international gateway
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for developing and financing teleco
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Box 4.3: Broadband Development in R
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allowing operators to obtain additi
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It may be possible to reduce the co
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In the context of market-oriented e
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viable on their own, and to determi
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The supply side. The primary concer
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years, a local municipality or a no
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UASFs if the contributions and the
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B ox 4.5: Regional Communications I
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licensed operators, for example, ca
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Box 4.6: Reform of the USF in the U
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through the use of UASFs, PPPs, or
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14. ITU, “ITU Statshot,” Januar
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Dymond, Andrew. 2010. “Universal
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Wellenius, Björn, Vivien Foster, a
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effectively and efficiently. This h
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attractive to leverage existing net
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incumbent operators around the worl
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capital in the short run. Carriers
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provide a point-to-point or point-t
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and regional fiber backbones may no
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of smaller ISPs. For example, in or
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fiber optic cable capacity services
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F igure 5.5 Backbone Networks in Bo
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Table 5.1Optimum Choice of Backbone
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With a Layer 3 IXP, traffic is exch
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networks running along grids or rai
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220Figure 5.7 Metro Fiber Ringcarri
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Figure 5.8 Number of Broadband Subs
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challenges by extending distances a
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Internet access provides download s
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Table 5.3 FTTP Acce ss ProtocolsAcc
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(120 kbit/s, according to the GSMA)
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Table 5.4 EV-DO Peak an d Average S
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High-Speed Packet Access refers to
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go beyond those of IMT-2000” (Blu
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• Relief for congested mobile net
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has to purchase additional download
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14. Internet Service Providers’ A
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ReferencesAustralia, Department of
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Marks, Roger. 2010. “IEEE 802.16
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justify those investments. Demand-s
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Figure 6.2 Elements of Digital Lite
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overall educational background of a
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Broadband can also improve digital
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Box 6.2: Measur ing Digital Literac
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oadband needs within the context of
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Commerce, illustrate the importance
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Box 6.4: Device Price TrendsNew com
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Box 6.5: Promoting Dig ital Literac
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Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evoluti
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Shared or Community AccessIn additi
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Within the broadband ecosystem, the
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Others have developed more extensiv
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high-bandwidth networks, online int
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Box 6.7: Colombia’s 2010 Plan V i
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Pakistan, the Philippines, and Sout
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with family and friends as well as
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open call for assistance, such as v
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can be divided into three broad cat
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those used in the 31 local versions
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23. Ultimately, the subsidies were
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Cooper, Brendan. 2010. “Giving Af
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O’Reilly, Tim. 2005. “What Is W
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CHAPTER 7Global Footprints: Stories
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Box 7.1: The Eight Millennium Devel
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Broadband Bottlenecks and Opportuni
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Figure 7.3 Broadband Connections Re
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Regional DevelopmentsThis section h
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Box 7.3 continuedThis resulted in i
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penetration. For example, in 2005,
Page 339 and 340: households reported that they did n
Page 341 and 342: on content, high cost of personal c
Page 343 and 344: T able 7.1 Broadband Plans and Poli
Page 345 and 346: Countrie s in Special Circumstances
Page 347 and 348: impact in many SIDSs, and broadband
Page 349 and 350: Fig ure 7.6 Broadband Country Summa
Page 351 and 352: South Asia: Sri Lanka Sri Lanka was
Page 353 and 354: has gone from relying on satellite
Page 355 and 356: and providing broadband to all scho
Page 357 and 358: Innovative business models have con
Page 359 and 360: Germany (Tuan 2011). Wireline broad
Page 361 and 362: 13. See Pakistan Universal Service
Page 363 and 364: ———. 2010b. World Telecommuni
Page 365 and 366: APPENDIX AWeblinks to NationalBroad
Page 367 and 368: APP ENDIX BPolicies and Programs fo
Page 369 and 370: Allocate andassignspectrumSupply:do
Page 371 and 372: they are unsure of the returns on t
Page 373 and 374: Create anenablingenvironmentfor int
Page 375 and 376: ShooFeeTV. c The funding will be us
Page 377 and 378: Expandaccess tounderservedcommuniti
Page 379 and 380: INDEXAABI Research, 102, 118absorpt
Page 381 and 382: Bolivia, 16borrowing for backbone n
Page 383 and 384: local connectivity, 116-19, 229-38,
Page 385 and 386: in Sri Lanka, 312, 319f7.6, 321t7.2
Page 387 and 388: EUROSTAT, as source of statistics,
Page 389: GPT. See general-purpose technology
Page 393 and 394: promoting of, 284-86, 289nn42-44and
Page 395 and 396: mobile health services in, 17b1.3ne
Page 397 and 398: adio frequency identification (RFID
Page 399 and 400: in Bahrain, 80, 81f2.7, 240CDMA, 23
Page 401 and 402: transparencyand accounting methods,
Page 403: wireless access technologies, 229-3
Page 408: The world is shifting from narrowba
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