broadband strategies handbook.pdf - Khazar University

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EUROSTAT (Statistical Office of the European Communities). 2009. “InformationSociety Statistics at Regional Level.” European Commission, Brussels, March.http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/statistics_explained/index.php/Information_society_statistics_at_regional_level#Publications.France, Paul. 2011. “BT Brings Fibre to First Cornwall Homes.” cable, March 28.http://www.cable.co.uk/news/bt-brings-fibre-broadband-to-first-cornwallhomes-800478200/.Hernandez, Janet, Daniel Leza, and Kari Ballot-Lena. 2010. “ICT Regulation in theDigital Economy.” GSR Discussion Paper, ITU, Telecommunications ManagementGroup, Inc., Geneva. http://www.itu.int/ITU-D/treg/Events/Seminars/GSR/GSR10/documents/GSR10-ppt2.pdf.ICTA (Information and Communication Technology Agency of Sri Lanka). 2010.Annual Report 2010. Colombo: ICTA.IDA (Info-communications Development Authority of Singapore). 2009. “What IsNext Gen NBN?” IDA, Mapletree Business City. http://www.ida.gov.sg/Infrastructure/20090717105113.aspx.———. 2011. “Quality of Service.” IDA, Mapletree Business City. http://www.ida.gov.sg/Policies%20and%20Regulation/20060424141236.aspx.Irwin, Timothy. 2003. “Public Money for Private Infrastructure.” Working Paper 10,World Bank, Washington, DC.ITU (International Telecommunication Union). 2003. Birth of Broadband.Geneva: ITU.———. 2010. “Definitions of World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators.” ITU,Geneva. http://www.itu.int/ITU-D/ict/handbook.html.Kim, Yongsoo, Tim Kelly, and Siddhartha Raja. 2010. “Building Broadband:Strategies and Policies for the Developing World.” World Bank, Washington,DC, June. http://www.infodev.org/en/Publication.1045.html.Lomas, Natasha. 2010. “BT: Fibre Broadband Coming to Two-Thirds of UK by2015.” silicon.com, May 13. http://www.silicon.com/technology/networks/2010/05/13/bt-fibre-broadband-coming-to-two-thirds-of-uk-by-2015-39745802/.Malakata, Michael. 2009. “Rwanda’s Mobile Broadband Is Africa’s First.”Computerworld, December. http://news.idg.no/cw/art.cfm?id=D6F3D422-1A64-67EA-E4FF70C29D8BDB9D.Nucciarelli, Alberto, Bert M. Sadowski, and Paola O. Achard. 2010. “EmergingModels of Public-Private Interplay for European Broadband Access: Evidencefrom the Netherlands and Italy.” Telecommunications Policy 34 (9): 513–27.OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development). 2008.Broadband Growth and Policies in OECD Countries. Paris: OECD.http://www.oecd.org/document/1/0,3343,en_2649_34223_40931201_1_1_1_1,00.html.———. 2009. “Indicators of Broadband Coverage.” DSTI/ICCP/CISP(2009)3/FINAL,OECD, Committee for Information, Computer, and Communication Policy,December 10. http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/41/39/44381795.pdf.88 Broadband Strategies Handbook
———. 2010. “Wireless Broadband Indicator Methodology.” OECD Digital EconomyPaper 169, OECD, Paris. http://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/science-and-technology/wireless-broadband-indicator-methodology_5kmh7b6sw2d4-en.Pew Internet and American Life Project. 2010. “Home Broadband Survey.” PewInternet and American Life Project, Washington, DC. http://www.pewinternet.org/Reports/2010/Home-Broadband-2010/Summary-of-Findings.aspx.Qiang, Christine. 2009. Broadband Infrastructure Investment in Stimulus Packages:Relevance for Developing Countries. Washington, DC: World Bank.http://siteresources.worldbank.org/EXTINFORMATIONANDCOMMUNICATIONANDTECHNOLOGIES/Resources/282822-1208273252769/Broadband_Investment_in_Stimulus_Packages.pdf .Sutherland, Ewan. 2009. “Telecommunications in Small Island Developing States.”Paper presented at the 37th “Research Conference on Communication,Information, and Internet Policy,” George Mason University School of Law,Arlington, VA.Task Force on Financial Mechanisms for ICT for Development. 2004. A Review ofTrends and an Analysis of Gaps and Promising Practices. Geneva: ITU, December.TRAI (Telecommunications Regulatory Authority of India). 2010. “ConsultationPaper on National Broadband.” TRAI, New Delhi.United Kingdom, Department for Business Innovation and Skills. 2009. DigitalBritain: Final Report. London: Department for Business Innovation Skills.http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/+/http://www.culture.gov.uk/images/publications/digitalbritain-finalreport-jun09.pdf.UNCTAD (United Nations Conference on Trade and Development). 2010.“Partnership on Measuring ICT for Development: Core ICT Indicators.”UNCTAD, Geneva. http://new.unctad.org/upload/docs/ICT_CORE-2010.pdf.United States, FCC (Federal Communications Commission). 2009. BroadbandAdoption and Use in America. Washington, DC: FCC.———. n.d. National Broadband Plan: Connecting America. Washington, DC: FCC.World Bank. 2009. “Advancing the Development of Backbone Networks inSub-Saharan Africa.” In Information and Communication for Development:Extending Reach and Increasing Impact, ch. 4. Washington, DC: World Bank.———. 2010. “Strategic Options for Broadband Development in the Arab Republic ofEgypt.” World Bank, Washington, DC.Vos, Esme. 2009. “Groningen, Netherlands Deploys Municipal Wireless Network.”MuniWireless, April 15. http://www.muniwireless.com/2009/04/15/groningendeploys-muni-wireless-network.Policy Approaches to Promoting Broadband Development 89
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Public Disclosure AuthorizedPublic
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BroadbandStrategiesHandbookEditorsT
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CONTENTSForewordAcknowledgmentsAbou
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Broadband Experiences in Selected C
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2.3 Addressing Bottlenecks in Broad
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5.2 DSL Connection Speeds, by Type
Page 16 and 17:
asis for the ICT Regulation Toolkit
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Case studies were prepared to suppo
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ABBREVIATIONS2G3G3GPP4GACEADSLAPECA
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FDMAFICORAFIRSTFITELFRIENDSFTTxFUST
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MyICMSNBINBNNBPNBSNCCNGANGNNPVOBAOE
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VSATW-CDMAWDMWi-FiWiMAXWSISxDSLvery
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side) and the adoption of broadband
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CHAPTER 1Building BroadbandIn just
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demonstrate that broadband can enab
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While some may disagree on the prec
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Figure 1.2 Estimated Minimum and Ma
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Broadband, Employment, and Job Crea
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Broadband as a General-Purpose Tech
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allow businesses to move more rapid
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In addition, sophisticated services
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Box 1.3: Mobile Health Services in
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Countries around the world are prov
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Table 1.3 Wireless and Wireline Bro
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Box 1.4: User Trends That Promote D
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Under the ecosystem model (figure 1
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As discussed, broadband alone has l
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Box 1.5: Capacity to Absorb Technol
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5. Apple, “Staggering iPhone App
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Commission of the European Communit
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Ndahiro, Moses. 2010. “RDB Forgin
Page 67 and 68: CHAPTER 2Policy Approaches to Promo
Page 69 and 70: facilitate, and complement market d
Page 71 and 72: development for governments to focu
Page 73 and 74: Box 2.1: Public Sector’s Role in
Page 75 and 76: A good plan should aim to promote e
Page 77 and 78: Box 2.2: Broadband Strategies in Mi
Page 79 and 80: (for example, network build-out, sp
Page 81 and 82: through construction and adoption.
Page 83 and 84: Policy Approaches to Promoting Broa
Page 85 and 86: island developing states (SIDSs) 6
Page 87 and 88: In Europe, for example, where the i
Page 89 and 90: operations of a dominant provider,
Page 91 and 92: previously had no broadband access.
Page 93 and 94: Broadband applications and services
Page 95 and 96: provide service to profitable, high
Page 97 and 98: delivering fiber-based coverage at
Page 99 and 100: e good for the economy, but are unl
Page 101 and 102: planned economic stimulus packages.
Page 103 and 104: urban households by 2012. Under the
Page 105 and 106: Policy Approaches to Promoting Broa
Page 107 and 108: Figure 2.4 Categ ories of Broadband
Page 109 and 110: the EU and also provides a breakdow
Page 111 and 112: Figure 2.7 Avera ge Download Speed
Page 113 and 114: Table 2.6 Monthly Prices for Wireli
Page 115 and 116: may also argue that broadband is no
Page 117: 19. “Average Broadband Speed Is S
Page 122 and 123: its full potential is realized, a c
Page 124 and 125: or authorization, which thereby ena
Page 126 and 127: Figure 3.2 Example of Multiservice
Page 128 and 129: When considering adopting flexible-
Page 130 and 131: Spectrum trading (also known as “
Page 132 and 133: in 2003 on the renewal of GSM licen
Page 134: However, given the various timeline
Page 138 and 139: IP-Based Interco nnection: Wholesal
Page 140 and 141: arrangements (for example, BAK) or
Page 142 and 143: Regulating Bottl enecks in the Broa
Page 144 and 145: example, after conducting a review
Page 146 and 147: Particularly for rural and remote a
Page 148 and 149: lower cost structure in rural areas
Page 150 and 151: physical space in buildings), tower
Page 152 and 153: 2010, 494-95). In such cases, a dom
Page 154 and 155: separation is considered a last-res
Page 156 and 157: “best efforts” basis, deliverin
Page 158 and 159: Table 3.1 Status of Net Neutrality
Page 160 and 161: oadband requires a significant focu
Page 162 and 163: CybercrimeCybercrime can be broadly
Page 164 and 165: frameworks prepared to prevent, ide
Page 166 and 167: Privacy by Design“Privacy by desi
Page 168 and 169:
of privacy laws. One example is the
Page 170 and 171:
y providing alternative sources of
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works has become a major issue. IPR
Page 174 and 175:
8. Decree-Law no. 151-A/2000 (July
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€100,000 fine imposed in France i
Page 178 and 179:
Benkler, Yochai. 2006. The Wealth o
Page 180 and 181:
Regulatory Framework for Electronic
Page 182 and 183:
———. 2009b. “Understanding
Page 184 and 185:
United States, FTC (Federal Trade C
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public sector investment for privat
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in the European Commission’s 2010
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oadband deployment. In certain inst
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(for example, international gateway
Page 194 and 195:
for developing and financing teleco
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Box 4.3: Broadband Development in R
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allowing operators to obtain additi
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It may be possible to reduce the co
Page 202 and 203:
In the context of market-oriented e
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viable on their own, and to determi
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The supply side. The primary concer
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years, a local municipality or a no
Page 210 and 211:
UASFs if the contributions and the
Page 212 and 213:
B ox 4.5: Regional Communications I
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licensed operators, for example, ca
Page 216 and 217:
Box 4.6: Reform of the USF in the U
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through the use of UASFs, PPPs, or
Page 220 and 221:
14. ITU, “ITU Statshot,” Januar
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Dymond, Andrew. 2010. “Universal
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Wellenius, Björn, Vivien Foster, a
Page 226 and 227:
effectively and efficiently. This h
Page 228 and 229:
attractive to leverage existing net
Page 230 and 231:
incumbent operators around the worl
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capital in the short run. Carriers
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provide a point-to-point or point-t
Page 236 and 237:
and regional fiber backbones may no
Page 238 and 239:
of smaller ISPs. For example, in or
Page 240 and 241:
fiber optic cable capacity services
Page 242 and 243:
F igure 5.5 Backbone Networks in Bo
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Table 5.1Optimum Choice of Backbone
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With a Layer 3 IXP, traffic is exch
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networks running along grids or rai
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220Figure 5.7 Metro Fiber Ringcarri
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Figure 5.8 Number of Broadband Subs
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challenges by extending distances a
Page 256 and 257:
Internet access provides download s
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Table 5.3 FTTP Acce ss ProtocolsAcc
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(120 kbit/s, according to the GSMA)
Page 262 and 263:
Table 5.4 EV-DO Peak an d Average S
Page 264 and 265:
High-Speed Packet Access refers to
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go beyond those of IMT-2000” (Blu
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• Relief for congested mobile net
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has to purchase additional download
Page 272 and 273:
14. Internet Service Providers’ A
Page 274 and 275:
ReferencesAustralia, Department of
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Marks, Roger. 2010. “IEEE 802.16
Page 278 and 279:
justify those investments. Demand-s
Page 280 and 281:
Figure 6.2 Elements of Digital Lite
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overall educational background of a
Page 284 and 285:
Broadband can also improve digital
Page 286 and 287:
Box 6.2: Measur ing Digital Literac
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oadband needs within the context of
Page 290 and 291:
Commerce, illustrate the importance
Page 292 and 293:
Box 6.4: Device Price TrendsNew com
Page 294 and 295:
Box 6.5: Promoting Dig ital Literac
Page 296 and 297:
Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evoluti
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Shared or Community AccessIn additi
Page 300 and 301:
Within the broadband ecosystem, the
Page 302 and 303:
Others have developed more extensiv
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high-bandwidth networks, online int
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Box 6.7: Colombia’s 2010 Plan V i
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Pakistan, the Philippines, and Sout
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with family and friends as well as
Page 312 and 313:
open call for assistance, such as v
Page 314 and 315:
can be divided into three broad cat
Page 316 and 317:
those used in the 31 local versions
Page 318 and 319:
23. Ultimately, the subsidies were
Page 320 and 321:
Cooper, Brendan. 2010. “Giving Af
Page 322 and 323:
O’Reilly, Tim. 2005. “What Is W
Page 325 and 326:
CHAPTER 7Global Footprints: Stories
Page 327 and 328:
Box 7.1: The Eight Millennium Devel
Page 329 and 330:
Broadband Bottlenecks and Opportuni
Page 331 and 332:
Figure 7.3 Broadband Connections Re
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Regional DevelopmentsThis section h
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Box 7.3 continuedThis resulted in i
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penetration. For example, in 2005,
Page 339 and 340:
households reported that they did n
Page 341 and 342:
on content, high cost of personal c
Page 343 and 344:
T able 7.1 Broadband Plans and Poli
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Countrie s in Special Circumstances
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impact in many SIDSs, and broadband
Page 349 and 350:
Fig ure 7.6 Broadband Country Summa
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South Asia: Sri Lanka Sri Lanka was
Page 353 and 354:
has gone from relying on satellite
Page 355 and 356:
and providing broadband to all scho
Page 357 and 358:
Innovative business models have con
Page 359 and 360:
Germany (Tuan 2011). Wireline broad
Page 361 and 362:
13. See Pakistan Universal Service
Page 363 and 364:
———. 2010b. World Telecommuni
Page 365 and 366:
APPENDIX AWeblinks to NationalBroad
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APP ENDIX BPolicies and Programs fo
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Allocate andassignspectrumSupply:do
Page 371 and 372:
they are unsure of the returns on t
Page 373 and 374:
Create anenablingenvironmentfor int
Page 375 and 376:
ShooFeeTV. c The funding will be us
Page 377 and 378:
Expandaccess tounderservedcommuniti
Page 379 and 380:
INDEXAABI Research, 102, 118absorpt
Page 381 and 382:
Bolivia, 16borrowing for backbone n
Page 383 and 384:
local connectivity, 116-19, 229-38,
Page 385 and 386:
in Sri Lanka, 312, 319f7.6, 321t7.2
Page 387 and 388:
EUROSTAT, as source of statistics,
Page 389 and 390:
GPT. See general-purpose technology
Page 391 and 392:
and UAS, 168-69use of electrical wi
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promoting of, 284-86, 289nn42-44and
Page 395 and 396:
mobile health services in, 17b1.3ne
Page 397 and 398:
adio frequency identification (RFID
Page 399 and 400:
in Bahrain, 80, 81f2.7, 240CDMA, 23
Page 401 and 402:
transparencyand accounting methods,
Page 403:
wireless access technologies, 229-3
Page 408:
The world is shifting from narrowba
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