broadband strategies handbook.pdf - Khazar University

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Access to Infrastructure 111Opening Vertically Integrated Markets 121Network Neutrality 124Security in Cyberspace 129Privacy and Data Protection 134Regulation of Broadband Content 138Notes 143References 147Chapter 4. Extending Universal Broadband Accessand Use 155Universal Access Strategy and Broadband Development 156Mechanisms to Drive Universal Broadband Access 163Instruments of Fiscal Support for Universal Broadband Access 171Notes 189References 191Chapter 5. Technologies to Support Deployment ofBroadband Infrastructure 195Overview of Broadband Networks 195Basic Technologies for Broadband Connectivity 201International Connectivity 205Domestic Backbone 210Metropolitan Connectivity 218Local Connectivity 221Notes 241References 244Chapter 6. Driving Demand for Broadband Networksand Services 247Awareness 249Affordability 259Attractiveness 269Notes 286References 289Chapter 7. Global Footprints: Stories from andfor the Developing World 295Broadband and Global Goals for Developing Countries 296Broadband Bottlenecks and Opportunities in Developing Regions 299Regional Developments 303Countries in Special Circumstances 315viBroadband Strategies Handbook
Broadband Experiences in Selected Countries 318Notes 330References 331Appendix A. Weblinks to National Broadband Plans 335Appendix B. Policies and Programs for PromotingBroadband in Developing Countries 337Index 349Boxes1.1 Examples of Broadband’s Effects on Economic Growtharound the World 71.2 Examples of Broadband’s Potential Impacts onInnovation in R&D and Business Operations 121.3 Mobile Health Services in Nigeria 171.4 User Trends That Promote Demand for Broadband 231.5 Capacity to Absorb Technology and the EconomicImpact of Broadband-Enabled ICTs: The Examples ofItaly and Sweden 292.1 Public Sector’s Role in Fostering Broadband Development:Key Lessons 432.2 Broadband Strategies in Middle-Income Countries 472.3 General Elements for Governments to ConsiderWhen Creating Policies and Strategies 482.4 Experience in the European Union with State Aid forFinancing Broadband 702.5 Municipal Broadband Initiatives in Italy and the Netherlands 743.1 Summary of the Digital Television Transition andDigital Dividend Activities around the World 1053.2 Challenges and Successes of Implementing anInternet Exchange Point in Kenya 1073.3 Competition Analysis in the International InternetConnectivity Market in Nigeria 1133.4 Computer Emergency Response Teams 1314.1 Rural Broadband Connectivity in the Dominican Republic 1614.2 Chile’s Digital Connectivity Plan 1624.3 Broadband Development in Remote andUnderserved Locations: Lessons from Peru 1664.4 Universal Service Subsidies in Mongolia 173Contentsvii
Page 1: Public Disclosure AuthorizedPublic
Page 5 and 6: BroadbandStrategiesHandbookEditorsT
Page 7: CONTENTSForewordAcknowledgmentsAbou
Page 11 and 12: 2.3 Addressing Bottlenecks in Broad
Page 13: 5.2 DSL Connection Speeds, by Type
Page 16 and 17: asis for the ICT Regulation Toolkit
Page 18 and 19: Case studies were prepared to suppo
Page 20 and 21: ABBREVIATIONS2G3G3GPP4GACEADSLAPECA
Page 22 and 23: FDMAFICORAFIRSTFITELFRIENDSFTTxFUST
Page 24 and 25: MyICMSNBINBNNBPNBSNCCNGANGNNPVOBAOE
Page 26 and 27: VSATW-CDMAWDMWi-FiWiMAXWSISxDSLvery
Page 28 and 29: side) and the adoption of broadband
Page 31 and 32: CHAPTER 1Building BroadbandIn just
Page 33 and 34: demonstrate that broadband can enab
Page 35 and 36: While some may disagree on the prec
Page 37 and 38: Figure 1.2 Estimated Minimum and Ma
Page 39 and 40: Broadband, Employment, and Job Crea
Page 41 and 42: Broadband as a General-Purpose Tech
Page 43 and 44: allow businesses to move more rapid
Page 45 and 46: In addition, sophisticated services
Page 47 and 48: Box 1.3: Mobile Health Services in
Page 49 and 50: Countries around the world are prov
Page 51 and 52: Table 1.3 Wireless and Wireline Bro
Page 53 and 54: Box 1.4: User Trends That Promote D
Page 55 and 56: Under the ecosystem model (figure 1
Page 57 and 58: As discussed, broadband alone has l
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Box 1.5: Capacity to Absorb Technol
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5. Apple, “Staggering iPhone App
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Commission of the European Communit
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Ndahiro, Moses. 2010. “RDB Forgin
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CHAPTER 2Policy Approaches to Promo
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facilitate, and complement market d
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development for governments to focu
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Box 2.1: Public Sector’s Role in
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A good plan should aim to promote e
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Box 2.2: Broadband Strategies in Mi
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(for example, network build-out, sp
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through construction and adoption.
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Policy Approaches to Promoting Broa
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island developing states (SIDSs) 6
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In Europe, for example, where the i
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operations of a dominant provider,
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previously had no broadband access.
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Broadband applications and services
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provide service to profitable, high
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delivering fiber-based coverage at
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e good for the economy, but are unl
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planned economic stimulus packages.
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urban households by 2012. Under the
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Policy Approaches to Promoting Broa
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Figure 2.4 Categ ories of Broadband
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the EU and also provides a breakdow
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Figure 2.7 Avera ge Download Speed
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Table 2.6 Monthly Prices for Wireli
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may also argue that broadband is no
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19. “Average Broadband Speed Is S
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———. 2010. “Wireless Broadb
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its full potential is realized, a c
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or authorization, which thereby ena
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Figure 3.2 Example of Multiservice
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When considering adopting flexible-
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Spectrum trading (also known as “
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in 2003 on the renewal of GSM licen
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However, given the various timeline
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IP-Based Interco nnection: Wholesal
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arrangements (for example, BAK) or
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Regulating Bottl enecks in the Broa
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example, after conducting a review
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Particularly for rural and remote a
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lower cost structure in rural areas
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physical space in buildings), tower
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2010, 494-95). In such cases, a dom
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separation is considered a last-res
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“best efforts” basis, deliverin
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Table 3.1 Status of Net Neutrality
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oadband requires a significant focu
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CybercrimeCybercrime can be broadly
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frameworks prepared to prevent, ide
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Privacy by Design“Privacy by desi
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of privacy laws. One example is the
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y providing alternative sources of
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works has become a major issue. IPR
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8. Decree-Law no. 151-A/2000 (July
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€100,000 fine imposed in France i
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Benkler, Yochai. 2006. The Wealth o
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Regulatory Framework for Electronic
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———. 2009b. “Understanding
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United States, FTC (Federal Trade C
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public sector investment for privat
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in the European Commission’s 2010
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oadband deployment. In certain inst
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(for example, international gateway
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for developing and financing teleco
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Box 4.3: Broadband Development in R
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allowing operators to obtain additi
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It may be possible to reduce the co
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In the context of market-oriented e
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viable on their own, and to determi
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The supply side. The primary concer
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years, a local municipality or a no
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UASFs if the contributions and the
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B ox 4.5: Regional Communications I
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licensed operators, for example, ca
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Box 4.6: Reform of the USF in the U
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through the use of UASFs, PPPs, or
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14. ITU, “ITU Statshot,” Januar
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Dymond, Andrew. 2010. “Universal
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Wellenius, Björn, Vivien Foster, a
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effectively and efficiently. This h
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attractive to leverage existing net
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incumbent operators around the worl
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capital in the short run. Carriers
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provide a point-to-point or point-t
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and regional fiber backbones may no
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of smaller ISPs. For example, in or
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fiber optic cable capacity services
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F igure 5.5 Backbone Networks in Bo
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Table 5.1Optimum Choice of Backbone
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With a Layer 3 IXP, traffic is exch
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networks running along grids or rai
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220Figure 5.7 Metro Fiber Ringcarri
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Figure 5.8 Number of Broadband Subs
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challenges by extending distances a
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Internet access provides download s
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Table 5.3 FTTP Acce ss ProtocolsAcc
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(120 kbit/s, according to the GSMA)
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Table 5.4 EV-DO Peak an d Average S
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High-Speed Packet Access refers to
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go beyond those of IMT-2000” (Blu
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• Relief for congested mobile net
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has to purchase additional download
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14. Internet Service Providers’ A
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ReferencesAustralia, Department of
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Marks, Roger. 2010. “IEEE 802.16
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justify those investments. Demand-s
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Figure 6.2 Elements of Digital Lite
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overall educational background of a
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Broadband can also improve digital
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Box 6.2: Measur ing Digital Literac
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oadband needs within the context of
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Commerce, illustrate the importance
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Box 6.4: Device Price TrendsNew com
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Box 6.5: Promoting Dig ital Literac
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Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evoluti
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Shared or Community AccessIn additi
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Within the broadband ecosystem, the
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Others have developed more extensiv
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high-bandwidth networks, online int
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Box 6.7: Colombia’s 2010 Plan V i
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Pakistan, the Philippines, and Sout
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with family and friends as well as
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open call for assistance, such as v
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can be divided into three broad cat
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those used in the 31 local versions
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23. Ultimately, the subsidies were
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Cooper, Brendan. 2010. “Giving Af
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O’Reilly, Tim. 2005. “What Is W
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CHAPTER 7Global Footprints: Stories
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Box 7.1: The Eight Millennium Devel
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Broadband Bottlenecks and Opportuni
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Figure 7.3 Broadband Connections Re
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Regional DevelopmentsThis section h
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Box 7.3 continuedThis resulted in i
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penetration. For example, in 2005,
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households reported that they did n
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on content, high cost of personal c
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T able 7.1 Broadband Plans and Poli
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Countrie s in Special Circumstances
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impact in many SIDSs, and broadband
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Fig ure 7.6 Broadband Country Summa
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South Asia: Sri Lanka Sri Lanka was
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has gone from relying on satellite
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and providing broadband to all scho
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Innovative business models have con
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Germany (Tuan 2011). Wireline broad
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13. See Pakistan Universal Service
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———. 2010b. World Telecommuni
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APPENDIX AWeblinks to NationalBroad
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APP ENDIX BPolicies and Programs fo
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Allocate andassignspectrumSupply:do
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they are unsure of the returns on t
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Create anenablingenvironmentfor int
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ShooFeeTV. c The funding will be us
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Expandaccess tounderservedcommuniti
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INDEXAABI Research, 102, 118absorpt
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Bolivia, 16borrowing for backbone n
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local connectivity, 116-19, 229-38,
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in Sri Lanka, 312, 319f7.6, 321t7.2
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EUROSTAT, as source of statistics,
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GPT. See general-purpose technology
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and UAS, 168-69use of electrical wi
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promoting of, 284-86, 289nn42-44and
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mobile health services in, 17b1.3ne
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adio frequency identification (RFID
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in Bahrain, 80, 81f2.7, 240CDMA, 23
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transparencyand accounting methods,
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wireless access technologies, 229-3
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The world is shifting from narrowba
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