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Katz, Raúl. 2009. “Estimating Broadband Demand and Its Economic Impact inLatin America.” Paper prepared for the third ACORN-REDECOM conference,Mexico City, May 22–23. http://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/gaid/unpan036761.pdf.———. 2010. “The Impact of the National Broadband Plan on Jobs: A QuantificationFramework.” Paper prepared for “The National Broadband Plan,” a roundtablediscussion, New York University Law School, April 19.Katz, Raúl, and Javier G. Avila. 2010. “The Impact of Broadband Policy on theEconomy.” Paper prepared for the fourth ACORN-REDECOM conference,Brasília, May 14–15.Katz, Raúl, and Stephan Suter. 2009. “Estimating the Economic Impact of theBroadband Stimulus Plan.” Working Paper, Columbia Institute for Teleinformation,New York, February.Katz, Raúl, Stephan Vaterlaus, Patrick Zenhäusern, and Stephan Suter. 2009. “TheImpact of Broadband on Jobs and the German Economy.” Working Paper,Columbia Institute for Tele-information, New York.———. 2010. “The Impact of Broadband on Jobs and the German Economy.”Intereconomics: Review of European Economic Policy 45 (1): 26–34. http://www.polynomics.ch/dokumente/Polynomics_Broadband_Brochure_E.pdf.Katz, Raúl, Patrick Zenhäusern, and Stephan Suter. 2008. “An Evaluation ofSocio-Economic Impact of a Fiber Network in Switzerland.” Polynomics andTelecom Advisory Services, Olten, Switzerland.Kenny, Charles. 2011. “No Need for Speed.” Foreign Policy, May 16. http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2011/05/16/no_need_for_speed?page=full.Kim, Yongsoo, Tim Kelly, and Siddhartha Raja. 2010. “Building Broadband:Strategies and Policies for the Developing World.” Global Information andCommunication Technologies Department, World Bank, Washington, DC,January. http://siteresources.worldbank.org/EXTINFORMATIONANDCOMMUNICATIONANDTECHNOLOGIES/Resources/282822-1208273252769/Building_broadband.pdf.LECG. 2009. Economic Impact of Broadband: An Empirical Study. London: LECG.http://www.connectivityscorecard.org/images/uploads/media/Report_BroadbandStudy_LECG_March6.pdfLECG.Libenau, Jonathan, Robert Atkinson, Patrik Kärrberg, Daniel Castro, and StephenEzell. 2009. The UK’s Digital Road to Recovery. London: LSE Enterprise;Washington, DC: Information Technology and Innovation Foundation.Majumdar, Sumit K., Octavian Carare, and Hsihui Chang. 2009. “BroadbandAdoption and Firm Productivity: Evaluating the Benefits of General-PurposeTechnology.” Industrial and Corporate Change 19 (3): 641–74. http://icc.oxfordjournals.org/content/19/3/641.full.pdf+html.Mishra, Saurabh, Susanna Lundstrom, and Rahul Anand. 2011. “Service ExportSophistication and Economic Growth.” Policy Research Working Paper 5606,World Bank, Washington, DC. http://www-wds.worldbank.org/servlet/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2011/03/22/000158349_20110322141057/Rendered/PDF/WPS5606.pdf.34 Broadband Strategies Handbook
Ndahiro, Moses. 2010. “RDB Forging Ahead with E-Health Development.” NewTimes, September 20. http://www.newtimes.co.rw/news.php.OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development). 2007.“Broadband and the Economy.” Ministerial Background Report DSTI/ICCP/IE(2007)/Final. Report prepared for the OECD Ministerial Meeting on the Futureof the Internet Economy, Seoul, June 17–18.———. 2008. “Broadband Growth and Policies in OECD Countries.” Report preparedfor the OECD Ministerial Meeting on the Future of the Internet Economy,Seoul, June 17–18.Qiang, Christine Zhen-Wei, and Carlo M. Rossotto. 2009. “Economic Impacts ofBroadband.” In Information and Communications for Development: ExtendingReach and Increasing Impact, ch. 3. Washington, DC: World Bank, GlobalInformation and Communication Technologies Department.Rwirahira, Rodrigue. 2009. “Rwanda: Better Health Care by Using ICT inMedicine.” All Africa, August 28. http://allafrica.com/stories/200908280497.html.Samudhram, Ananda. 2010. “Building ICT Literate Human Capital in the ThirdWorld: A Cost-Effective, Environmentally Friendly Option.” Paper prepared forthe Ascilite conference, Sydney, December 5–8. http://www.ascilite.org.au/conferences/sydney10/Ascilite%20conference%20proceedings%202010/Samudhram-poster.pdf.South Africa, Department of Communications. 2010. “Broadband Policy for SouthAfrica.” Government Gazette 541 (33377, July 13): 1–24. http://blogs.timeslive.co.za/vault/2010/07/14/south-africas-new-broadband-policy/.Thibodeau, Patrick. 2010. “In Historic Shift, Smartphones, Tablets to OvertakePCs.” Computerworld, December 6. http://www.computerworld.com/s/article/9199918/In_historic_shift_smartphones_tablets_to_overtake_PCs.UNCTAD (United Nations Conference on Trade and Development). 2009. Trendsand Outlook in Turbulent Times. Information Economy Report. Geneva:UNCTAD.United Nations. 2010. “Millennium Development Goals: Goal 2 Achieve UniversalPrimary Education.” United Nations Summit, New York, September 20–22.http://www.un.org/millenniumgoals/pdf/MDG_FS_2_EN.pdf.UNPAN (United Nations Public Administration Programme). 2010 “LeveragingeGovernment at a Time of Financial and Economic Crisis.” UNPAN, New York.http://www2.unpan.org/egovkb/global_reports/10report.htm.von Hippel, Eric. 2005. Democratizing Innovation. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.WHO (World Health Organization). 2005. “Global Survey for eHealth.” WHO,Geneva. http://www.who.int/goe/data/en/.World Bank. 2008. Global Economic Prospects 2008: Technology Diffusion in theDeveloping World. Washington, DC: World Bank. http://econ.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/EXTDEC/EXTDECPROSPECTS/GEPEXT/EXTGEP2008/0,,menuPK:4503385~pagePK:64167702~piPK:64167676~theSitePK:4503324,00.html.Zhang, Qi, Lu Cheng, and Raouf Boutaba. 2010. “Cloud Computing: State-of-the-Art and Research Challenges.” Journal of Internet Services and ApplicationsBuilding Broadband 35
Page 1:
Public Disclosure AuthorizedPublic
Page 5 and 6:
BroadbandStrategiesHandbookEditorsT
Page 7 and 8:
CONTENTSForewordAcknowledgmentsAbou
Page 9 and 10:
Broadband Experiences in Selected C
Page 11 and 12:
2.3 Addressing Bottlenecks in Broad
Page 13: 5.2 DSL Connection Speeds, by Type
Page 16 and 17: asis for the ICT Regulation Toolkit
Page 18 and 19: Case studies were prepared to suppo
Page 20 and 21: ABBREVIATIONS2G3G3GPP4GACEADSLAPECA
Page 22 and 23: FDMAFICORAFIRSTFITELFRIENDSFTTxFUST
Page 24 and 25: MyICMSNBINBNNBPNBSNCCNGANGNNPVOBAOE
Page 26 and 27: VSATW-CDMAWDMWi-FiWiMAXWSISxDSLvery
Page 28 and 29: side) and the adoption of broadband
Page 31 and 32: CHAPTER 1Building BroadbandIn just
Page 33 and 34: demonstrate that broadband can enab
Page 35 and 36: While some may disagree on the prec
Page 37 and 38: Figure 1.2 Estimated Minimum and Ma
Page 39 and 40: Broadband, Employment, and Job Crea
Page 41 and 42: Broadband as a General-Purpose Tech
Page 43 and 44: allow businesses to move more rapid
Page 45 and 46: In addition, sophisticated services
Page 47 and 48: Box 1.3: Mobile Health Services in
Page 49 and 50: Countries around the world are prov
Page 51 and 52: Table 1.3 Wireless and Wireline Bro
Page 53 and 54: Box 1.4: User Trends That Promote D
Page 55 and 56: Under the ecosystem model (figure 1
Page 57 and 58: As discussed, broadband alone has l
Page 59 and 60: Box 1.5: Capacity to Absorb Technol
Page 61 and 62: 5. Apple, “Staggering iPhone App
Page 63: Commission of the European Communit
Page 67 and 68: CHAPTER 2Policy Approaches to Promo
Page 69 and 70: facilitate, and complement market d
Page 71 and 72: development for governments to focu
Page 73 and 74: Box 2.1: Public Sector’s Role in
Page 75 and 76: A good plan should aim to promote e
Page 77 and 78: Box 2.2: Broadband Strategies in Mi
Page 79 and 80: (for example, network build-out, sp
Page 81 and 82: through construction and adoption.
Page 83 and 84: Policy Approaches to Promoting Broa
Page 85 and 86: island developing states (SIDSs) 6
Page 87 and 88: In Europe, for example, where the i
Page 89 and 90: operations of a dominant provider,
Page 91 and 92: previously had no broadband access.
Page 93 and 94: Broadband applications and services
Page 95 and 96: provide service to profitable, high
Page 97 and 98: delivering fiber-based coverage at
Page 99 and 100: e good for the economy, but are unl
Page 101 and 102: planned economic stimulus packages.
Page 103 and 104: urban households by 2012. Under the
Page 105 and 106: Policy Approaches to Promoting Broa
Page 107 and 108: Figure 2.4 Categ ories of Broadband
Page 109 and 110: the EU and also provides a breakdow
Page 111 and 112: Figure 2.7 Avera ge Download Speed
Page 113 and 114: Table 2.6 Monthly Prices for Wireli
Page 115 and 116:
may also argue that broadband is no
Page 117 and 118:
19. “Average Broadband Speed Is S
Page 119:
———. 2010. “Wireless Broadb
Page 122 and 123:
its full potential is realized, a c
Page 124 and 125:
or authorization, which thereby ena
Page 126 and 127:
Figure 3.2 Example of Multiservice
Page 128 and 129:
When considering adopting flexible-
Page 130 and 131:
Spectrum trading (also known as “
Page 132 and 133:
in 2003 on the renewal of GSM licen
Page 134:
However, given the various timeline
Page 138 and 139:
IP-Based Interco nnection: Wholesal
Page 140 and 141:
arrangements (for example, BAK) or
Page 142 and 143:
Regulating Bottl enecks in the Broa
Page 144 and 145:
example, after conducting a review
Page 146 and 147:
Particularly for rural and remote a
Page 148 and 149:
lower cost structure in rural areas
Page 150 and 151:
physical space in buildings), tower
Page 152 and 153:
2010, 494-95). In such cases, a dom
Page 154 and 155:
separation is considered a last-res
Page 156 and 157:
“best efforts” basis, deliverin
Page 158 and 159:
Table 3.1 Status of Net Neutrality
Page 160 and 161:
oadband requires a significant focu
Page 162 and 163:
CybercrimeCybercrime can be broadly
Page 164 and 165:
frameworks prepared to prevent, ide
Page 166 and 167:
Privacy by Design“Privacy by desi
Page 168 and 169:
of privacy laws. One example is the
Page 170 and 171:
y providing alternative sources of
Page 172 and 173:
works has become a major issue. IPR
Page 174 and 175:
8. Decree-Law no. 151-A/2000 (July
Page 176 and 177:
€100,000 fine imposed in France i
Page 178 and 179:
Benkler, Yochai. 2006. The Wealth o
Page 180 and 181:
Regulatory Framework for Electronic
Page 182 and 183:
———. 2009b. “Understanding
Page 184 and 185:
United States, FTC (Federal Trade C
Page 186 and 187:
public sector investment for privat
Page 188 and 189:
in the European Commission’s 2010
Page 190 and 191:
oadband deployment. In certain inst
Page 192 and 193:
(for example, international gateway
Page 194 and 195:
for developing and financing teleco
Page 196 and 197:
Box 4.3: Broadband Development in R
Page 198 and 199:
allowing operators to obtain additi
Page 200 and 201:
It may be possible to reduce the co
Page 202 and 203:
In the context of market-oriented e
Page 204 and 205:
viable on their own, and to determi
Page 206 and 207:
The supply side. The primary concer
Page 208 and 209:
years, a local municipality or a no
Page 210 and 211:
UASFs if the contributions and the
Page 212 and 213:
B ox 4.5: Regional Communications I
Page 214 and 215:
licensed operators, for example, ca
Page 216 and 217:
Box 4.6: Reform of the USF in the U
Page 218 and 219:
through the use of UASFs, PPPs, or
Page 220 and 221:
14. ITU, “ITU Statshot,” Januar
Page 222 and 223:
Dymond, Andrew. 2010. “Universal
Page 224 and 225:
Wellenius, Björn, Vivien Foster, a
Page 226 and 227:
effectively and efficiently. This h
Page 228 and 229:
attractive to leverage existing net
Page 230 and 231:
incumbent operators around the worl
Page 232 and 233:
capital in the short run. Carriers
Page 234 and 235:
provide a point-to-point or point-t
Page 236 and 237:
and regional fiber backbones may no
Page 238 and 239:
of smaller ISPs. For example, in or
Page 240 and 241:
fiber optic cable capacity services
Page 242 and 243:
F igure 5.5 Backbone Networks in Bo
Page 244 and 245:
Table 5.1Optimum Choice of Backbone
Page 246 and 247:
With a Layer 3 IXP, traffic is exch
Page 248 and 249:
networks running along grids or rai
Page 250 and 251:
220Figure 5.7 Metro Fiber Ringcarri
Page 252 and 253:
Figure 5.8 Number of Broadband Subs
Page 254 and 255:
challenges by extending distances a
Page 256 and 257:
Internet access provides download s
Page 258 and 259:
Table 5.3 FTTP Acce ss ProtocolsAcc
Page 260 and 261:
(120 kbit/s, according to the GSMA)
Page 262 and 263:
Table 5.4 EV-DO Peak an d Average S
Page 264 and 265:
High-Speed Packet Access refers to
Page 266 and 267:
go beyond those of IMT-2000” (Blu
Page 268 and 269:
• Relief for congested mobile net
Page 270 and 271:
has to purchase additional download
Page 272 and 273:
14. Internet Service Providers’ A
Page 274 and 275:
ReferencesAustralia, Department of
Page 276 and 277:
Marks, Roger. 2010. “IEEE 802.16
Page 278 and 279:
justify those investments. Demand-s
Page 280 and 281:
Figure 6.2 Elements of Digital Lite
Page 282 and 283:
overall educational background of a
Page 284 and 285:
Broadband can also improve digital
Page 286 and 287:
Box 6.2: Measur ing Digital Literac
Page 288 and 289:
oadband needs within the context of
Page 290 and 291:
Commerce, illustrate the importance
Page 292 and 293:
Box 6.4: Device Price TrendsNew com
Page 294 and 295:
Box 6.5: Promoting Dig ital Literac
Page 296 and 297:
Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evoluti
Page 298 and 299:
Shared or Community AccessIn additi
Page 300 and 301:
Within the broadband ecosystem, the
Page 302 and 303:
Others have developed more extensiv
Page 304 and 305:
high-bandwidth networks, online int
Page 306 and 307:
Box 6.7: Colombia’s 2010 Plan V i
Page 308 and 309:
Pakistan, the Philippines, and Sout
Page 310 and 311:
with family and friends as well as
Page 312 and 313:
open call for assistance, such as v
Page 314 and 315:
can be divided into three broad cat
Page 316 and 317:
those used in the 31 local versions
Page 318 and 319:
23. Ultimately, the subsidies were
Page 320 and 321:
Cooper, Brendan. 2010. “Giving Af
Page 322 and 323:
O’Reilly, Tim. 2005. “What Is W
Page 325 and 326:
CHAPTER 7Global Footprints: Stories
Page 327 and 328:
Box 7.1: The Eight Millennium Devel
Page 329 and 330:
Broadband Bottlenecks and Opportuni
Page 331 and 332:
Figure 7.3 Broadband Connections Re
Page 333 and 334:
Regional DevelopmentsThis section h
Page 335 and 336:
Box 7.3 continuedThis resulted in i
Page 337 and 338:
penetration. For example, in 2005,
Page 339 and 340:
households reported that they did n
Page 341 and 342:
on content, high cost of personal c
Page 343 and 344:
T able 7.1 Broadband Plans and Poli
Page 345 and 346:
Countrie s in Special Circumstances
Page 347 and 348:
impact in many SIDSs, and broadband
Page 349 and 350:
Fig ure 7.6 Broadband Country Summa
Page 351 and 352:
South Asia: Sri Lanka Sri Lanka was
Page 353 and 354:
has gone from relying on satellite
Page 355 and 356:
and providing broadband to all scho
Page 357 and 358:
Innovative business models have con
Page 359 and 360:
Germany (Tuan 2011). Wireline broad
Page 361 and 362:
13. See Pakistan Universal Service
Page 363 and 364:
———. 2010b. World Telecommuni
Page 365 and 366:
APPENDIX AWeblinks to NationalBroad
Page 367 and 368:
APP ENDIX BPolicies and Programs fo
Page 369 and 370:
Allocate andassignspectrumSupply:do
Page 371 and 372:
they are unsure of the returns on t
Page 373 and 374:
Create anenablingenvironmentfor int
Page 375 and 376:
ShooFeeTV. c The funding will be us
Page 377 and 378:
Expandaccess tounderservedcommuniti
Page 379 and 380:
INDEXAABI Research, 102, 118absorpt
Page 381 and 382:
Bolivia, 16borrowing for backbone n
Page 383 and 384:
local connectivity, 116-19, 229-38,
Page 385 and 386:
in Sri Lanka, 312, 319f7.6, 321t7.2
Page 387 and 388:
EUROSTAT, as source of statistics,
Page 389 and 390:
GPT. See general-purpose technology
Page 391 and 392:
and UAS, 168-69use of electrical wi
Page 393 and 394:
promoting of, 284-86, 289nn42-44and
Page 395 and 396:
mobile health services in, 17b1.3ne
Page 397 and 398:
adio frequency identification (RFID
Page 399 and 400:
in Bahrain, 80, 81f2.7, 240CDMA, 23
Page 401 and 402:
transparencyand accounting methods,
Page 403:
wireless access technologies, 229-3
Page 408:
The world is shifting from narrowba
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