broadband strategies handbook.pdf - Khazar University

they are unsure of the returns on their investments.Governments can partner with the privatesector to provide up-front support in order toreduce risks or act as an anchor tenant to induceinvestment.to join it in taking an 85% stake in the cable,which was launched in 2009. More than 10operators have an ownership interest in TEAMS,guaranteeing them access at wholesale rates.Kenya also encouraged PPPs for building thenational fiber backbone and is considering thesame for Long-Term Evolution (LTE) networks(World Bank 2011).Coordinateaccess torights-of-waySupply:domesticbackbone,local accessDemand:affordabilityObtaining the rights-of-way necessary to deploybroadband infrastructure can be a complexprocess, adding to costs and delaying deployment.Canada’s Telecommunications Act includesprovisions to facilitate operators’ access to publicproperty. cFacilitateopen accessto criticalinfrastructureSupply:internationalconnectivity,domesticbackbone,local accessDemand:affordabilityCritical infrastructure consists of essentialnetwork elements or services that are typicallyowned by a single or small number of suppliers.These include facilities such as international andnational fiber optic backbones and fixed localaccess networks that cannot be easily replicated.Facilitating open access to these facilities throughoptions such as an obligation for providers toprovide wholesale access or structural separationof wholesale and retail activities can stimulatecompetition and lower retail broadband prices.The European Commission requires incumbentoperators to offer unbundled access to their fixedtelephone networks (European Parliament andCouncil of the European Union 2000).Source: World Bank.a. See the ECTEL website, http://www.ectel.int.b. See Indonesia, Department of Telecommunications, “Indian Telecom Sector,” http://www.dot.gov.in/osp/Brochure/Brochure.htm.c. See “ICT Regulation Toolkit: Practice Note, Sharing Rights-of-Way,” http://www.ictregulationtoolkit.org/en/PracticeNote.aspx?id=3245.341