broadband strategies handbook.pdf - Khazar University

Figure 3.1 General Elements of a Unified and General AuthorizationFrameworkPermit the provision any typeof network or serviceEncompass technology andservice-neutrality principlesUnified or generalauthorizationsTypically no limit to the numberof authorized providersMay only require notification orregistration rather than licenseapplication processSource: Telecommunications Management Group, Inc.as spectrum, are involved. In addition, this type of framework may onlyrequire registration or notification in order for the operator to begin offeringservices. The general authorization regime established by the EuropeanUnion (EU) Authorization Directive in 2002, as amended in 2009, characterizesthis type of framework (European Union 2002). Under that regime,a provider may offer any type of electronic communications network or servicewith a simple notification to the relevant national regulator. No licenseapplication or approval process is generally required.Multiservice AuthorizationsA multiservice licensing framework allows operators to offer a wide rangeof services under a single authorization and may also permit certain categoriesof licensees to use any type of communications infrastructure and technologycapable of delivering the licensed services. However, the multiserviceauthorization framework is generally not as flexible or as streamlined as ageneral authorization approach: (a) there are multiple license categoriesrather than a single license category; (b) the various license categories maylimit the number and types of services that may be provided; (c) licenseesmay be required to hold multiple licenses; and (d) rules may bar licenseesfrom holding more than one type of license, which may stifle convergence if,for example, a telecommunications licensee is not permitted to hold abroadcasting license and therefore cannot offer video services.Singapore has adopted a simplified variation of the multiservice licensingframework, which is based on two main types of licenses: facilitiesbasedoperator (FBO) and services-based operator (SBO) (IDA 2011a, 2011b;figure 3.2).Law and Regulation for a Broadband World 95