Sourcebook of Criminal Justice Statistics, 1983 - Bureau of Justice ...

~~--~~--~-----~ ----Sourcebook of Criminal Justice Statistics 1983Table 1.68 Statutory pl"ovisions governing hearings and criteria for waiver of juveniles to criminal court, by State-­Canrinued~Iess waived.Ulclear.cWritten findings required.dRequired only where a youth is charged with acloss A felony or this is the second serious juvenileoffens~.Statute requires a showing as to both aspects-­non-af.7nability to treatment and need to protect society.Unclear; statutory language requires a "fullir.vest~ation and hearing."For those 10 years or older and charged wi thmurder, or 16 years or older charged with a closs A or Bfelony, the court sholl waive "unless It would be in thebest interests of the child and of the welfare and safety ofthe cV{Tlunity for him to remain in the juvenile system.". Guardian ad litem.!Minutes.~f requested or ordered by the court.Only one or the other rt'quired--non-amenability totreat~nt or need to protect society.Procedures and criteria differ by court. The youthcourt requires a hearing, with notice and counsel, and arecord with reasons for the transfer. The criteria are:non-amenability to treatment or need to protect society;probable couse must exist to believe the alleged youthcommitted the oct. In the family court the low requiresonly a "full investigation" before waiver. There are notprovisions for other procedures or criteria to use inmaking the waiver decision aside from the charge filedagainst a youth.l11yerbatim recording.nStatute requires showing as to each aspect--nonamenabilityto treatment and need to protect soc:lety andreaso'bable grounds to believe offender committeei oct.Unclear; statute requires "full investigation" only.PFor those chargt1d with murder or certain violentfelonies, the court must "consider" non-amenability totreatment in the transfer decision; for all others who arealleged to have committed other felonies, the court musthave a showing as to non-amenability to treatment andthe need to protect society.~on request.r For those charged with murder or rape there Is noprovision governing the procedures to be followed Inmaking the waiver decision; for youth 16 years or oldercharged with other felonies or a misdemeanor, the statuterequires a ''full investigation."sNo explicit criteria to be used in the waiverdecision for youth charged with murder or rope; for allothers potentially subject to waiver, the statute requiresa prote showing of non-amenability to treatment and/or need tot society and a criminal charge.1N:Jt required if offense charged is armed robbery,rope, {J.r murder.Statutory language provides only, "best interest ofthe juvenile or public."VStatute authorizes court to transfer upon"consideration of the child's mental and physicalcondition, maturity, emotional attitude, home or familyenvironment, school experience, and similar personalfoctorQl if there is probable couse."Probable cause alone is sufficient for transfer ifthe alleged crime Is treason, murder, robbery with adeadly weapon, kidnaping, orson 1st, or sexual assault 1st.Source: Thomas S. Vereb and .John L Hutzler, Juveniles as Criminals: 1981 Statutes Analysis, Preliminary Draft(Pittsburgh: Notional Center for Juvenile Justice, 198 I ), Table I. Table adopted by sa.RCEBOO< stoff. Reprinted bypermission.IIi~ili'IiI)Iifl/(ItTa~!e 0: '~rlrrl;J~lansfor consideration of potentially dangerous~~~t~~~~!r:I~la:;eq~E:~~~~t~~~~t~r~~:~~~n~~~~t o:uFe~~er~~e~~~tr:aj~criminal or dangerous activity In the t I ,t s I potential for futUreFederal Government and States not IIs~~d hare ease ~eclslon. The"Crime control" refers t h ave no suc" provisions.dangerous behavior by a persoon twheochontrobl of violent, Illegal, or, as een arrested. ThisPrOVisionsCertain crimes excludedfrom automatic bolleligibilityCharacteristics of the Criminal JUstice SystemsIt!''''~::I...0u.....It! 0VI '''' c 0 OJ .....,.. It! .,..It!It! It!~ ... 'Q ... VIIt! C VIU It!'" ~ ~'" 0 c 'Q~ ... '''' .,.. 0 C.Q VI N It! .,.. 0 .... .;:,....It! ~ E' '''' .~'"''''"" ,.... ,.... I- ... ... VI 0 ~ :0 '"It! 00 ,....OJ..: u u OJ Q It!is' G:,.... Ct!> :l: ..... .....y y yPurpose of hail stafl!sto be appearanceand safety y y y y y y yCrime control factorsmay be consideredIn release decision yo y y yConditions of release mayInclude those related tocrime control y y y y y y yPrior convictions limitright to boily y y y yDefendant's release lTlCly berevoked upon evidence thata new crime was committed y y y yDefendant's right to boilIs limited for offenseallegedly committedon release y y..Pretrial detention mayy ybe Imposed for crimecentrol purposes y y y y y y ya"CrIme control" purpose may not be Intendedthat appears to meet definition of cntegory. •despite statuteor criminal behavior In pretrial release deCisions, by jurisdiction,definition encompasses States where c Ir;f~~~~~#~#:J~~f!i~:~~~:~i:~jg~~d~idangerousness. (Source. p. 4.) s on e grounds of predictedVI It! It!.... c C.... .,.. 'Q .,..OJ0.l3e c VI'0U 0.l3 .,..~ ...'" OJCVI'" '" ...It! It! OJ"'.scu ..... U Q It!VI .... .,..It! 0 11'1 0'1''''VI'QVI ..c c ~ >- ..c OJ ..c ..c COJC C CVIVIIt!U....C .Q 'Q .... .... C It! ..c ''''0>~''''~ iii 0 ::I ::I C..cE"u;: i:OJ OJ )(0 ..c 0 0'Q ::I C It!C ..c It! 0It!,....U 0'1 VI VIIt! "- OJ J!~~ ~yz .'::: Z Z Z 0: Vl Vl ~ ~y11'1.l3VIOJ'''' .f: :;::. > >y y y y y yyy y y y y y yy y y y yy y y y y yy y y y y ySource: Elizabeth Goynes "T I f SServices Resource Ce t W h( YPo ogy () tote Lows which Permit the Conslderatlo f DServices Resource Ce~t:~: as mgton. D.C., 1982. (Mimeographed.) Appendix B; and d~t~ pr~v1~:~ I~ t~;. ~cetEr~~~,,;ease Decision," Pretrialo vvr. O\.h.,