Sourcebook of Criminal Justice Statistics, 1983 - Bureau of Justice ...

Characteristics of the Criminal Justice SystemsSourcebook of Criminal Justice Statistics 1983Tobie 1.34 Method of selection and length of initial and retention terms of intermediate appellate court judges in 32States, as of October 1980!'OTE:See !'OTE, Tobie 1.33. States not listed do not how, intermediate appellate courts.Initial selec:tionRetentionTermState Methad a Term Method (in years)Alabama b Partisan election 6 years Partisan election 6Alaska Nominating commission lkltil next general election Retention election 8but not less than 3 yearsArizona Nominating commission lkltil next general election Retention election 6but not less than 2 yearsArkansas Partisan election 8 years Partisan election8California Appointed by governor lkltil next general election Retention election 12Colorado Nominating commission lkltil next general election Retention election 8but not less than 2 yearsFlorida Nominating commission lkltil next general electionbut not less than I yearRetention election 6Georgia Partisan election 6 years Partisan election6I-bwail Nominating commission 10 years Reappointment by commission 10Idaho i'bnpartisan election 6 years i'bnpartisan election 6Illinois Partisan election 10 years Retention election 10Indiana Nominating commission lkltil next general election Retention election 10but not less than 2 yearsIowa Nominating commission lkltil :lext g;ln"lral election Retention election 6but not less than I yearKansas Nominating commission lkltil next general electionbut not less than I yearRetention election 4Kentucky i'bnportisan election 8 yearsi'bnportisan election 8Louisiana i'bnportisan election 10 years I\bnpartisan election 10Maryland Nominating commission lkltil next general election Retent!on election 10but not less than I yearMassachusetts Nominating commission life tenure X XMichigan i'bnpartisan election 6 years I\bnpartisan election 6Missouri Nominctlng commission U1til next general election Retention election 12but not less than I yearNew Jersey Appointed by governor 7 years Reappointment by governor life tenureNew Mexico Partisan election 8 years Partisan election 8New York Nominating commission 5 years Reappointment by governor 5i'brth Carolina Partisan election 8 years Partisan election 8Ohio i'bnpartisan election 6 years i'bnpartisan election 6Oklahama i'bnpartisan dection 6 years i'bnportisan election 6Oregon c i'bnpartisan election 6 years i'bnportisan election 6Pennsylva'!ja Partisan election 10 years Retention election 10Tennessee Nominating commission U1ti1 the biennial general Retention election 8election but not lessthan 30 daysTexas Partisan election 6 yearsPartisan election 6Washington i'bnpartlson election 6 years i'bnpartlsan election 6Wisconsin i'bnportisan election 6 years i'bnportisan election 6a ln States that use nominating commissions, tne governormoke~ the appointment.Alabama and Tennessee have two intermediate appellatecourts: the court of civil appeals, which has civil jurisdiction;and the court of criminal (Jppeals, which has criminaljurisdiction. The selection process is the some for both.Provisions (Chicago: American Judicature Society,98(""Pennsylvania has two intermediate appellate courts: thesuperior court and the conmonwealth court. The selectionprocess is the same for both.A Com endlum of.\!i:'dIt!j)j"iI~itdJ'I'"IiII'IliIIIiI',dJiH1/ tilHfi11!JItLitIlI!IIIiIiijIIIIII1111/iI'I:II;1 ')1i\'I\!IiIIi!Table 1.35 Methad of selection and length of Initial and retention terms of general jurisdiction court judges, by State aridnome of court, as of October 1980State/ncvneof cou:' ,5)Alaboma:Circuit courtAlaska:Superior courtArizona: bSuperior courtArkansas:Circuit courtCalifornia:Superior courtColorado:District courtConnecticut:Superior courtDelaware:Superior courtFlorida:Circuit courtGeorgia:Superior courtI-bwail:Circuit courtIdaho:District courtillinois:Circuit courtIndiana:Circuit courtSuperior courtlawaIDistrict courtKansas:District courtKentucky:Circuit courtLouisiana:District courtOrleans Parishdistrict courtMaine:Superior courtMaryland:Circuit courtSupreme Gell1ch ofNJTEI See !'OTE, Table 1.33. Courts of general jurisdiction are defined as haVing unlimitedcivil and criminal jurisdiction (Lorry C. Berkson, "Judicial Selection In the United States: ASpecial Report," Judicature 64 (October 1980), p. 178).Initial selectionMethod a Term MethodPartisan election 6 years Partisan electionNominating commission U1tll next general election Retention electionbut not less than 3 yearsNominating commission Until next general election Retention electionbut not less than 2 yearsPartisan election 4 years Partisan electionRetentioni'bnpartlsan election 6 years i'bnpartlsan electionunless county electorsunless county electorsopt for nominatingopt ior nominatingcommissioncommissionNominating commissionUntil next general eiectionbut not less than 2 yearsRetention electionAppointed by legislature 8 years Reappointment by legislatureNominating commission i2 years Reappointment by governori'bnportisan election 6 years i'bnpartlsan electionPartisan election 4 years C Partisan electionNominating commission 10 years Reappointment by commissioni'bnpartisan election 4 years i'bnpartisan electionPartisan elect land 6 years Retention electionPartisan electlon e6 yearsPartisan election fPartisan electlon g 6 years Partisan electionNominating commissionU1tll next general electionbut not less than I yearRetentior, electionNominating commission h U1t11 next general election Retention election li'bnpartlsan election 8 years i'bnpartlsan electioni'bnpartlsan election 6 years i'bnpartisan electioni'bnpartlsan election 6 years i'bnpartisan elo.ctionAppointed by governor 7 years Reappointment by governorNominating commissionU1tll biennial electioni'bnpartisan electionBaltimore CityMassachusetts:i'bmlnating commission U1tll biennial election i'bnpartisan electionTrial Court ofConmonwealthMichigan:Nominath~g conmlsslon life tenure XCircuit court i'bnpartlsan election 6 years i'bnpartlsan electionRecorder'S court i'bnpartisan election 6 years i'bnportisan electionMinnesota:District court i'bnpartlsan election 6 years i'bnpartisan electionMississippi:Circuit court Partisan election4 yearsPartisan electionMissouri:Circuit court Partisan electlonl 6 yearsk Partisan election lMontana:District court i'bnpartisan election 6 years i'bnpartisan election, but ifunopposed, retention electionNebraska:District court Nominating commission U1til next general election Retention electionbut not less than 3 yearsNevada:District court i'bnpartlsan election 6 years Nonpartisan electionNew I-bmpshlre\Superior court Appointed by governo~ Life tenure XNew Jersey:Superior court Appointed by governor 7 years Reappointment by governorNew MexIco:District court Partisan election IS years Partisan electionSee footnotes at end of table.99Term(in years)6644661046666486671515X66646 k666Xlife tenure6