Sourcebook of Criminal Justice Statistics, 1983 - Bureau of Justice ...

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------------- - - - ---.--- ----.--~------------------------------------------------Sourcebook of Criminal Justice Statistics 1983.Table 5.29 U.S. Supreme Court cases argued and decided on merits, at conclusion of the October terms 1975-81ArguedNJ,TE: . Th7, data below represent actions taken during the annual terms of the U.S. Supreme Court.. AmIcus. refers to a ~~rty whl) is not involved directly in the suit, but who demonstrates anInterest. In the case by f"lng a sUpportive brief. "Decided on merits" ref~'rs to a reassessment andreso.l~tlo~ of the s~b.stantive issues presented in the case, but that does not involve activepartIcIpatIon of the lItIgants through the filing of written and oral arguments.1975 1976 1977 1978 1979Number Percent 1980Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent179 100Government involvement176 100121164 068100 168 0 100 156 0 100 154Government99 56 970 100~ petitioner 59 99 59 108 69or appellant101 6644 36 29Government I5s respondent29 35 36 ")9 29 43 40or appellee31 31:12 27Government as amicus b 36 36 4045 c 41373434 34 35 32 37/\h Government involvement c 35 22 c 23 36 c 3658 32 77 37443067 c 28413369 c 3341 48 31 53 34Decided on merit~d 351 100Government ir,.,olvement372 100 276175 10050 267 100 281 100 277Decided in favor of186 50 139 50 12210046 158 56 128Government's Position b 46134 77Decided againstIII 60 87 63 82 67 104 66 92Government's Position b 7233 19/\ht64cl~ifioble as for or34 41 29 32 26 51 32against33 258 4/\h Government involvementII 6176II5081868 750 3137 l.50 145 3a54 123 44 149 54~ncludes . cases set for reargument in succeeding terms... ercent IS based on the total cases in which the Government clncludes cases in which the Government filed briefs aspartIcIpated.in forma pauperis docket.g;~~~:~~::~v~~~~;J~~~~~~&:7~~~c;. ~ ~~d AJ:~~n;io~~~r~~ ~~~~~5201981Number Percent184 0 100104 0 5730 2927 2647 c 4580 43315 100136 43III 8220 155 3179 57curiae d but did not participate in the argument.amicusIncludes cases sUrrrTlOrily affirmed, reversed, or vacatedon theR~t~~t ~: ~~: t~~~r~:pa~:~~1 ~: ~~=ti~:ted f:::t~; t~as~~~~~~;Judicial Processing of DefendantsTable 5.30 Executive clemency applications for Federal offensesreceiVed, disposed of, and pending, in the office of the U.S •Pardon Attorney, fiscal years 1953-82NJTE: Article II, Section 2 of the U.S. Constitufion authorizes thePresident to grant executive clemency for Federal offenses. The U.S.Pardon Attorney, in consultation with the Deputy Attorney General,receives and reviews all petitions for executive clemency, initiatesthe necessary investigations, and prepares the recomnendation of theDeputy Attorney General to the President (Source, p. 35). Clemencymay be a rep.rieve, remission of fine, commutation, or pardon. A"pardon," which is generally considered only after sentencecompletion, restores basic civil rights and may aid in thereinstatement of professional or trade licenses that may have beenlost as a result of the conviction. A "comnulalion" is a reduction ofsentence. The figures presented in this table do not inclUde clemencyactions on draft resisters, or military deserters and absentees duringthe Vietnarr: era.GrantedFiscalComnu-~ear Received Pardons tatians Denied Pending1953 599 97 8 355 6811954 461 55 7 348 7321955 662 59 4 684 6471956 585 192 9 568 4631957 585 232 4 443 3691951l 406 91l 6 302 3691959 434 117 2 286 3981960 437 149 5 244 4371961 481 226 18 266 4081962 595 166 16 315 5061963 592 133 45 233 6871964 921 314 74 437 7831965 1,008 195 80 569 9471966 865 364 81 726 6411967 863 222 23 520 7391961l 749 13 3 415 1,0571969 724 0 0 505 1,2761970 459 82 14 698 9411971 454 157 16 648 5741972 514 235 20 410 4251973 485 202 5 341 3621974 426 187 8 337 2561975 613 147 9 328 3851976 604 78 II 244 6581977 722 129 8 300 8631971l 641 162 3 1336 5081979 710 143 10 448 6171980 523 155 II 500 4741981 548 76 7 260 6791982 462 83 3 547 508Source: U.S. Department of Justice, Office of the AttorneyGeneral, The Annual Reeort of the Attorne~ General of the U,itedStates 1979, p. 31; 1980, p. 35 (Wa-~hington, D.C.: U.S. GovernmentPrinting Office); anddiita provided to SCXRCEBOCK staff by the U.S.Department of Justice, Office of the Pardon Attorney. Table adaptedby SCXRCEBOCK staff.Table 5.31 Criminal tax fraud cases initinted by the Internal Revenue Service CriminalInvestigatioll Division, by type of disposition, fiscal years 1976-82NJTE: The Criminal Investigation Division of the Internal Revenue Service is responsible for enforcingthe criminal provisions of the tax laws, investigating evidence of tax evasion or tax fraud, identifyingand investigating persons who derive substantial income from illegal activities and who violote taxlaws, and recomnending prosecution (Source, 1971l, p. 30).The Criminol Tax Division of the Office of Chief Counsel handles all criminal tax legal mattersfor the I nternal Revenue Service, reviews criminal cases and decides if cases warrant prosecution,coordinotes criminal tax prosecutions with the U.S. Department of Justice, and provides assistance toU.S. Attorneys In criminal tax trials upon request (Source, 1978, p. 53).1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982Cases initiated by CriminalInvestigation DivisionDisposed of by Criminal9,035 8,901 9,481 9,71l0 7,114 5,838 6,498Investigation Division:Prosecution recomroended 3,147 3,408 3,439 3,338Prosecution not recommended2,267 1,971l 2,2975,650 5,459 5,969 6,252Disposed of by Office of6,329 3,701 3,852Chief Counsel:Prosecution not warranted,including cases declinedby the U.S. Department ofJustice 589 486 597Prosecutions800 1,285 571 2932.031 2,161 2.m 2.,515 2.321 1,621 1.680Source: U.S. Department of the Treasury, Internal Revenue Service, Annual Reeort of theComnissioner of Internal Revenue, 1976, p. 151; 1977, p. 139; 1978. p. 98 (Washington, D.C.: 0.5.GOvernment Printing Office); and data provided to sa::RCEBOCKSfcitf by the U.S. Department of theTreasury, Internal Revenue Service. Tobie adapted by SCXRCEBOCK staff.
---------- - -- -Sourcebook of Criminol Justice Statistics 1983judicial Processing of DefendontsTable 5.32 Criminal tax fraud cases handled by the Internal Revenue Service Office of ChiefCounsel, by type of disposition, fiscal years 1976-82."!\oTE: See NOTE, Table S.31. For on explanation of indictments and informations, see !\OTE, Table5.15. A "nolle prosse" disposition occurs when a prosecutor decides not to prosecute a case. "Notrue bill" refers to cases in which the grand jury decides not to indict the defendant.1976 1977 1971:1 197!1 1980 1981 ·,982Referrals by Office of ChiefCounsel for prosecution 2,037 2,695 2,634 2,883 1,726 1,955 2,176Grand jury action:Indictments and informations 1,331 1,636 1,724 1,820 1,832 1,785 1,844No true bill I 31 II 26 15 9 10Disposition:Plea of guilty or nolocontendere ')77 1,229 1,189 1,270 1,337 1,212 1,291Convicted after trial 216 247 225 342 264 282 333Acquitted 77 55 70 86 80 81 65Nolle erosse or dismissed 71 110 119 183 193 142 145Source: U.S. Deportment of the Treasury, Internal Revenue Service, Annual Report of the£~mmissioner of Internal Revenue, 1976, p. 61; 1977, p. 48; 1978, p. 53 (Washington, D.C.: U.S.Government Printing Office); and data provided to"SO..RCEBOO< stoff by the U.S. Deportment of theTreasury, Internal Revenue Service. Table adapted by SOlRCEBOO< stoff.Table 5.33 Criminal investigations by the U.S. Postal Inspection Service, by type of offense, number of completed investigations, numberof convictions, fines imposed, and recoveries and restitutions, .fiscal years 1978-82!\oTE: The U.S. Postal Inspection Service, the investigative arm of the U.S. Postal Service, isresponsible for the investigation of all violations of Federal statutes relating to the Postal Serviceand the internal audit of all Postal Service financial and nonfinancial operations. The Sourcereports that significant decreases in the number of convictions for miscellaneous offenses are dueto a change In Investigation priorities.Investigations comeleted Convictio:' )Type of offense 1971:1 1979 1980 1981 1982 1971:1 1')79 1980 1981 1982Theft of mail by employees, contractors,and others (internal) 8,026 7,146 6,801 6,331 5,059 796 745 665 782 853Embezzlement of postal funds 3,067 3,287 3,850 4,182 3,031 185 288 236 259 258Burglary of post offices 1,125 1,095 1,324 1,197 1,016 344 354 242 213 238Hold up of postal facilities, carriersand Motor Vehicle Service driversAssaults/threats against U.S. Postal241 241 242 248 216 112 125 143 127 107Service personnel 1,873 1,815 1,651 1,930 1,922 173 182 110 III 126Mail theft from delivery receptacles 150,515 142,563 160,819 207,473 0 252,791 0 12,936 10,246 5,761 2,442 1,873Forgery/counterfeiting of U.S. PostalService money orders 2,550 2,287 2,183 1,040 (b) 228 221 184 80 (b)Willful damage or destructionof moil rec~ptacles 28,530 30,946 25,621 18,959 0 (b) 1,517 1,159 381 176 (b)Unlawful mailings:Obscene matter i04 114 301 237 161 16 II 16 34 39Firearms Nt>. Nt>. Nt>. Nt>. 73 Nt>. Nt>. Nt>. Nt>. 4Bombs/explosives 188 250 132 III 159 27 49 31 16 26Norcotics, dangerous dr"gs,ond controlled substances 871 688 409 300 201 209 154 81 71 61lScurrilous ond defamatory matter Nt>. Nt>. Nt>. N'\ 23 Nt>. Nt>. Nt>. Nt>. Nt>.Extortion letters 105 74 52 53 48 13 12 9 IS 10Other Nt>. 1,007 911 616 162 Nt>. 61 64 II IIMiscellaneous (thefts from self-serviceunits; theft of keys, locks, and otherU.S. Postal Service equipment; vandalism;interception of moil; possession andfencing of stolen property; false claimsor stotements; ather postal crimes) 1,956 1,894 1,616 1,583 4,273 608 436 283 27 204Mail fraud 5,724 5,497 4,430 3,550 2,867 2,012 2,063 1,370 1,046 966Total 204,475 198,904 210,342 247,810 272,002 19,176 16,106 9,576 5,410 4,783aNumber of complaints of theft and damage; most often, clncludes $927,747 restitution from non-fraud criminal offenseinvest~gations cover numerous related complaints. areas.Included in the miscella:leous Qffenses.Source: Tobie provided to SOLRCEBOO< stoff by the U.S. Postal Inspection Service, Chief Postal Inspector.11nII1111/!ijr!\:IRecoveries and restitutions1978 1979 1980 1981 1982\ : o 0N\ 15,265,869I0 Nt>. Nt>. Nt>. Nt>.Nt>. $515,448 $812,918 $1,173,873 Nt>.Nt>. Nt>. 19,419 7,788 Nt>.0 0 Nt>. Nt>. Nt>.0 0 Nt>. Nt>. Nt>.Nt>. Nt>. Nt>. Nt>. Nt>.N\ Nt>. Nt>. Nt>. Nt>.0 0 N\ Nt>. Nt>.0 0 Nt>. Nt>. Nt>.Nt>. 0 Nt>. Nt>. Nt>.0 0 Nt>. Nt>. Nt>.0 0 Nt>. N\ Nt>.Nt>. 0 Nt>. Nt>. Nt>.0 Nt>. Nt>. Nt>. Nt>.Nt>. 0 N\ Nt>. Nt>.Nt>. $15,71:11 ,3172,638,820 1,335,136 Nt>.3,372,270 9,590,239 15,647,917$6,843,427 $12,107,036 $16,575,664 c:'522
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Appendices"NJPENDIX 7Public opinion
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