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CoalIron ore . . . .Pig-iron . . . .SteelOil and gas . . . .Sugar . . . . .Cotton textiles (millions ofmetres) . . . .Woollen textiles (millions ofmetres) . . . .Copper (thousands of tons)Manganese oreCementElectric power (milliard kw.) .Chemicals (1926-27 roubles; inmillions) . . . .Agricultural machinery (1926-27 roubles; in millions)Machine and metal industry(1926-27 roubles; in millions)191329.1904.2921.32,227103.03321.2These figures give a fair indication of the immenseindustrial expansion under the three five-year plans,with the significant exception of the three classes ofconsumers' goods included, cottons, woollens and sugar.By 1037 the U.S.S.R. was the largest producer in theworld of agricultural machinery, notably combineharvesters.1 She was second only to the United Statesin machine-building, tractors and lorries. Rememberalso that she was the largest world producer of wheat,rye, barley, oats, potatoes, flax and beet-sugar, and aclose third, to India in cotton. The carrying out of thegigantic output plans, although the goals set were notreached in very many cases, was all the more impressivein that the rest of the world in the early thirties wasplunged in the most severe economic depression ofmodern times and in mass unemployment.The years of the first five-year plan (1928-32} weregrim beyond grim, harrowing and frantic in numanwhole Russian empire, since the figures given here refer only to thatportion of the empire which forms part of the U.S.S.R.1Pre-revolutionary Russia had not manufactured any of these, norany aluminium, of which the U.S.S.R. was the third-largest producerin 1937.3781.9450551,446192940.18.0404.913-81.33,068100-635.51.42.26.26191963,3491938132.926514618.032.22.53491114.0103.2235739.66,7151,61733,6131940164.614.918.434.240.848,400