Untitled - OUDL Home

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Factory workers: see Industrial development.False Dmitris: 82, 168, 206, 448.Famines: before 1917, 152, 135, 55,139, 134; since 1917, 128, 373~4,234.Far East: see under Amur region,Siberia, Manchuria, and SovietUnion.Feddor Ivanovich: 82.Feudalism: 94-5,149,454.Finance: see Banks, Currency, Loans.Finland: up to 1809, 258, 264, 269-70; 1809-1917, 114-5, 214; since1917, 251-6, 272.Finnish peoples in Russia: 16, 23, 26,28, 35, 257.Five-year plans: 317,377-89.Florence, Council of: 98, 185-6.Foreign trade: 250, 266, 355, 360,426; Baltic, 259, 260, 266-8;Black Sea, 276-7, 266; Soviet, 250,385, 388.France and Russia: comparativetables, 362, 383, 390; cultural influences,336, 343-51; loans andinvestments, 358-9,431,433; Polishquestion, 208, 217, 221, 408, 428-9;Sweden, 268-71, 427; Turkey, 274,278, 280-2, 287, 289, 400, 412, 428,429; French Revolution, 213, 219,270,349,397; Napoleon, 84, 213-4,349, 397-405; 1830 and 1848, 408,410; Napoleon III, 217, 410, 428;1870-1917, 423-4, 427-34; since1917,199, 253, 255, see also AlliedIntervention.Franco-Russian alliance: 423-4,430-4.Frederick the Great: 208, 210, 211,392-6.French revolution: 213, 219, 270,349, 397.Gahcia ' 200, 203, 214, 225, 231,233, 247.Gentry, see Landowning class.Georgia: 10, 291-8.German colonists, on Volga, 41;elsewhere, 46-7.' German colony' in Moscow: 329-30,334-German influences: 86-7, 340-3.Germans, Baltic: see Baltic Germans.Germany and Russia (see also Prussia):general review 1870-1914, 418-27;economic relations, 358-60, 426,376; comparative tables, 362, 382-3, 390; and Slavdom, 235-6, 245,247-8,343; Poland, 220-1,198-200;Baltic states and Finland, 251,253-6; Ukraine, 232, 234, 235; the459Straits, 286, 426-7; Caucasus, 297;Far East, 302-3, 312-3, 425; since1917,198-200,232, 234,235,251-6,312-3, 343, 382-3,443.Giers: 423,424,435.Gladkov: 65.G6gol: 20, 50, 118.Golden Horde: dates, 448-9; 23, 26,36-9, 81, 90-2, 94-5, 181-2, 258,259; books on, 453.Golitsyn, V. V.: 333-4.Goncharov: 323.Gorchakov: 241, 243, 245, 283, 421,428.Grain exports: 276-7.Great Britain and Russia: generalattitude, 412-5, 434-6, 442; culturalinfluences, 342, 442; economicrelations, 28, 259, 260, 266-8, 352-4, 359, 398-9; comparative tables,362, 382-3, 390; Holy Alliance,407; the Baltic, 264-71; Poland,217-8, 221, 408, 428; Turkey, 275,279-89, 397, 407-8, 412-5, 437-8;Caucasus, 294, 297-8; threat toIndia, 413, 434-6, 439, 441, Persia,292,413,435,439-41, Afghanistan,413, 435, 436, 440-1; 1907 entente,440-1; Far East, 299-302, 303304, 306-7, 309, 438-9; since 1917,199, 251-3, 255, see also AlliedIntervention.Greece. 238, 281, 407-8; BalkanLeague, 248, 418.Gustavus III: 269-70, 390.Hanseatic League: 26, 27, 258, 259.Herberstein. 92.Herzen: 144, 241, 320. 350Holstem' 264, 269, 341, 411.Holy Alliance. 405-7, 408-9.Hughes, John: 364.Hungary, 1849 intervention: 410-11.Igndtyev: 243-5, 271, 283, 299, 416.India, threat to: 413, 434-6, 439, 441.Industrial development: up to 1861,115-6, 141, 352-5; 1861-1917,120-1, 139, 356-66; Soviet, 375,377-9, 382-8, comparative outputtables, 362, 378, 383.Ingna: 257, 258, 261, 263, 272.Investments, Foreign: 3 5 7-9; see alsoLoans.Isidore, metropolitan: 185.Islam: see Moslems.Italian influences: 87, 180, 265, 327.Ivdn the Great, dates, 448; internal,28, 39, 87, 95-6, 150, 187, 327;foreign relations, 39, 87, 205, 259,327.
Ivan the Terrible: dates, 448; characterand importance of, 96-101;internal, 67, 80, 87, 89-90, 92, 137;the Tatars, 39,43,44,327; LivonianWar, 101, 205, 260-1, 328.Ivan V: 83, 84.Ivan VI: 392.Izvdlsky Straits and Balkans, 246,285-6, 289, 417-8; Baltic, 271;entente with England, 440.Japan: and Russia, 301-6, 432, 436,439; and U.S.S.R., 307, 311-3;population, 390.Jesuits' 185, 209, 225, 331, 212, 349.Jews and anti-Semitism: 119, 212,214, 215, 220, 246, 315.Joachim, patriarch: 333-4.Joseph of Volokolamsk. 187.Jugoslavs and Jugoslavia (see alsoSerbs). 247, 417, 419; since I917,235, 236, 237.Kalmuks • 30, 40.Kamchatka. 298, 299.Karamzin 349.Karelia 251, 255, 256.Kars: 282, 294, 288, 297.Katkdv: 119,423,429-30.Kazakhstan and Kazakhs: 10, 11, 19,30, 41, 53, 56, 385-6.Kazan Tatars: 39, 41, 163-5, 3 2 7-Kerensky 64, 74, 372.Kharkov: 45, 331, 232, 364, 447.Khazars' 35.Khmelnitsky, Bohdan: 223, 226-7,235.Kholm district' 221.Kiev 24, 26, 35-6, 203, in seventeenthcentury, 225, 331; regainedby Muscovy, 205, 206, 227.Kiev Russia: dates, 449-50; 24, 257,26, 35-6, 88, 90, 159, 174-81.Kirov: 252.Knights of the Sword: see Livonia.Knoop, Ludwig: 353.Kok6vtsev: 440.Kolchdk 56, 198, 307.Kornilov: 372.Kosciuszko: 210.Krivdi Rog: 19, 230, 364.Kropdtkin. 144, 322Kryldv: 72Kuchum Khan: 29.Kulikdvo. 38, 184.Kurbsky 100.Kutuzov. 403-4, 274, 67.Kuznetsk basin: 19, 386-7.La Harpe. 348.Lamsdorff: 425, 439.Landowning class: up to 1700, 97-103, 105, 150-4; 1700-1861, 84-5,140-8, 354; 1861-1917, 135-6, 140.Latvia: 249-54; see also BalticGermans and Livonia.Lenin: 57-60, 63, 64, 314, 372-4,380-1; and religion, 171, 172;and Asia, 288, 308; writings, 54,454-5.Leningrad: 251-2; (St Petersburg),263, 265-6, 365.Lgrmontov: 52, 67, 118, 295, 329.Literacy and illiteracy: 123, 326,339-40-Literature: 452-3; medieval, 179-80; nineteenth-century, 318-23,442; foreign influences since 1650,33o-2, 342, 344-51-Lithuania: grand-duchy, 182, 202-5,448-9; and partitions of Poland,212, 213; since 1917, 199, 200,249-54-Little Russia. 45, 206, 227-9, 3^4;see also Ukraine.Livonia and Livonian Order- 204,205, 257-61, 262, 263, 264; see alsoBaltic Germans and Latvia.Loans, Foreign: 355, 398, 399, 357-9,431, 433; Soviet, 376, 384.Lobachevsky: 317.Lomondsov. 345-6.Lublin, union of: 200, 202, 205, 226.Lyeskov. 32, 194, 355.Magnates, see Landowning class;council of, 99-102.Magnitogdrsk. 19, 379.Mdkhno. 233.Manchuria- 55, 301-6, 311-2.Mannerheim. 251, 256.Manufactures: see Industrial developmentMarselis 329.Marx. 58, 118, 342, 351.Masonry: 347-8.Mayakdvsky 315.Maz6pa: 228-9, 263-4.Methodius, St: 174, 178.Metternich: 405, 406, 408-9.Michael, tsar: dates, 447-8; 82-3,189, 206.Milyukdv. 369.Minin. 206.Mining: see Industrial development.Ministries and ministers; 108-9,69, 73; see also ' Colleges ' andBureaucracy.Mir: see Commune.Mogila, Peter: 331.Mdlotov: 66, 67, 253.460
Page 2:
UNIVERSALLIBRARYOU_214617UNIVERSALL
Page 8 and 9:
SURVEYOFRUSSIAN HISTORYbyB. H. SUMN
Page 10 and 11:
CHAPTERI. THE FRONTIERCONTENTS1. TY
Page 12:
MAPS1. THE U.S.S.R. (WESTERN PORTIO
Page 15 and 16:
Baltic states (Estonia, Latvia, and
Page 18:
MAP IU.S.S.R. (WESTERN PORTION)West
Page 21 and 22:
half-Russian), the Transcaucasian r
Page 23 and 24:
honey, and wax provided essentials
Page 25 and 26:
called podzol soils, grey sands and
Page 27 and 28:
(I)ST JOHN THE BAPTIST, YAROSLAVL,
Page 30 and 31:
movement of game and fur-bearing an
Page 32 and 33:
By the sixteenth century the scatte
Page 34 and 35:
other natural conditions made agric
Page 36 and 37:
population were relatively free pea
Page 38 and 39:
similar, and for centuries they had
Page 40:
merchant-adventurers and sea-captai
Page 43 and 44:
Byzantium or eastward into the step
Page 45 and 46:
and external struggles, especially
Page 47 and 48:
and opened the vista of the Volga a
Page 49 and 50:
social conditions in Poland fomente
Page 51 and 52:
followed slowly by the plough, into
Page 53 and 54:
frontier region was less all-pervad
Page 55 and 56:
For long a certain degree of mobili
Page 57 and 58:
gone down river far away south into
Page 59 and 60:
elected but appointed by the war mi
Page 61 and 62:
Cossacks, 'men of service' settled
Page 63 and 64:
sites. Some settled in the old Sibe
Page 65 and 66:
(I)PETER THE GREAT, 1672-1725From t
Page 67 and 68:
contrary it is necessary that there
Page 69 and 70:
(according to the old Russian calen
Page 71 and 72:
even a member of it after 1923. He
Page 73 and 74:
headed first by the moderate libera
Page 75 and 76:
words, "the regime of the dictators
Page 77 and 78:
"the Supreme, Autocratic power belo
Page 79 and 80:
was spoken of as a dress rehearsal.
Page 81 and 82:
The bureaucracy meant the governmen
Page 83 and 84:
the army in decomposition, there wa
Page 85 and 86:
odies, the provincial and municipal
Page 87 and 88:
functions and together with the pol
Page 89 and 90:
Muscovy as the patrimony of the tsa
Page 91 and 92:
his eldest son or, failing sons, to
Page 93 and 94:
and then killed, as being the rally
Page 95 and 96:
officers, but they were educated th
Page 97 and 98:
The Byzantine inheritance is more d
Page 99 and 100:
the necessity for unfettered autocr
Page 101 and 102:
manorial administration of the prin
Page 103 and 104:
the first concern of tsarism and in
Page 105 and 106:
Ivan was a man who did not take ris
Page 107 and 108:
extinguished, largely because after
Page 109 and 110:
een broken down during the two prev
Page 111 and 112:
Similarly, the council of magnates
Page 113 and 114:
portion of his own handiwork in fra
Page 115 and 116:
On the other hand, they could not u
Page 117 and 118:
eigned 1801-25) was part of his gen
Page 119 and 120:
particularly their generals-adjutan
Page 121 and 122:
pleading of which might excite publ
Page 123 and 124:
1793, 1795; Finland, 1721, 1743, 18
Page 125 and 126:
producer and trader in his realm. T
Page 127 and 128:
instituted (1804) a regularly organ
Page 129 and 130:
of agriculture, took on a new form
Page 131 and 132:
inevitably a full-scale revolution
Page 133 and 134:
at a tempo unknown in the modern hi
Page 135 and 136:
election is usually in effect contr
Page 137 and 138:
'and sown grasses, even though cere
Page 139 and 140:
the two had reached most dangerous
Page 141 and 142:
[revolutionary propaganda]," a peas
Page 143 and 144:
institutions were also encouraged,
Page 145 and 146:
though it had been considerably imp
Page 147 and 148:
(iv) Emancipation of the peasants,
Page 149 and 150:
three times deferred or in part can
Page 151 and 152:
in the eighties. It is no wonder th
Page 153 and 154:
The edict of 1762 did not in fact r
Page 155 and 156:
itterly resented. Marriage required
Page 157 and 158:
peoples remained with their own cus
Page 159 and 160:
These last two classes were not fre
Page 161 and 162:
not offer such advantages in the wa
Page 163 and 164:
Direct taxation of various kinds, b
Page 165 and 166:
members of the commune regulated in
Page 167 and 168:
organization continued for long to
Page 169 and 170:
The commune or subdivisions of it,
Page 171 and 172:
the peasantry and of the social his
Page 173 and 174:
in composition, and one of Razin's
Page 175 and 176:
from St Petersburg to impose a sett
Page 177 and 178:
If need be the reigning monarch was
Page 179 and 180:
leaving a chain of fires, but witho
Page 181 and 182:
ST DMITRI, VLADIMIR, 1193-97(a)DYAK
Page 183 and 184:
some support from across the fronti
Page 185 and 186:
traditions and the past, may contri
Page 187 and 188:
and their retainers, but there was
Page 189 and 190:
Becket until Nikon, the Patriarch o
Page 191 and 192:
the peasantry, some of which derive
Page 193 and 194:
the west the Lithuanians—the last
Page 195 and 196:
close and far-reaching as the monas
Page 197 and 198:
" I , John, am tsar and priest, up
Page 199 and 200:
the fact that about fourteen per ce
Page 201 and 202:
though in fact they were a return t
Page 203 and 204:
accentuated their disunion and dimi
Page 205 and 206:
he abolished the patriarchate and r
Page 207 and 208:
patriarchate. Disendowment and dise
Page 209 and 210:
during the partition period (1772-1
Page 211 and 212:
the German Blitzkrieg were promptly
Page 213 and 214:
half Russian or Lithuanian. In this
Page 215 and 216:
The state language (to some extent
Page 217 and 218:
Sigismund III of Poland, on the cre
Page 219 and 220:
in the War of the Polish Succession
Page 221 and 222:
earlier in secret conclave with her
Page 223 and 224:
purveyor of cosmopolitan enlightenm
Page 225 and 226:
under his control the grand-duchy o
Page 227 and 228:
continuously against all his Russia
Page 229 and 230:
and could not be understood by Euro
Page 231 and 232:
The peasantry took little part in t
Page 233 and 234:
3. The Ukrainian QuestionThe major
Page 235 and 236:
It is quite true that Russian histo
Page 237 and 238:
pp. 49-50 and note); but they were
Page 239 and 240:
The main reason why the struggle fo
Page 241 and 242:
for the most part their distinctive
Page 243 and 244:
though divided in their attitude to
Page 245 and 246:
For some ten years Ukrainian Commun
Page 247 and 248:
of all Slav and freedom-loving nati
Page 249 and 250:
Empire (see pp. 178-179), but conne
Page 251 and 252:
These generally conservative direct
Page 253 and 254:
Prior to the Crimean War the Slavop
Page 255 and 256:
and the last a great deal, to pansl
Page 257 and 258:
and her liberation from Turkey. A g
Page 259 and 260:
than Buda-Pest or Vienna. Anti-Germ
Page 261 and 262:
Finns, for about seven centuries wi
Page 263 and 264:
Lenin, ceased to be the capital sin
Page 265 and 266:
y the Red Army, but Estonia, Latvia
Page 267 and 268:
towards the Allies were engendered,
Page 269 and 270:
conquest of Finland by the Swedes;
Page 271 and 272:
Half a century after Ivan the Great
Page 273 and 274:
all Swedes—as has already been ex
Page 275 and 276:
had he succeeded in rallying the ma
Page 277 and 278:
the learning and culture of enlight
Page 279 and 280:
Sweden, and Finland, outside direct
Page 281 and 282:
Swedish navy had reasserted itself
Page 283 and 284:
evolution and Finland, to which the
Page 285 and 286:
was a triumph of French diplomacy,
Page 287 and 288:
Straits become a perpetual plague-s
Page 289 and 290:
diplomatic pressure by Russia. Even
Page 291 and 292:
in St Petersburg of a complete brea
Page 293 and 294:
herself and Turkey alone. Now she a
Page 295 and 296:
the congress the Russian and Britis
Page 297 and 298:
an eventual annexation by her of Bo
Page 299 and 300:
uncoiled, the new regime in Russia
Page 301 and 302:
least definitely hostile. For this
Page 303 and 304:
Armenia and Azerbaidzhan (see map i
Page 305 and 306:
Russians and even imposed a conside
Page 307 and 308:
A new Georgian literature and cultu
Page 309 and 310:
Moscow. A month earlier Georgia had
Page 311 and 312:
War, and the triumph, in company wi
Page 313 and 314:
eing in direct relations with the U
Page 315 and 316:
In that year Far Eastern affairs we
Page 317 and 318:
great, but she still remained in po
Page 319 and 320:
new Soviet state was so exhausted a
Page 321 and 322:
there had previously taken place a
Page 323 and 324:
notable withdrawal, but the governm
Page 325 and 326:
CHAPTER VIITHE WEST1. Russia and Eu
Page 327 and 328:
(I)THE EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY URALSBogo
Page 329 and 330:
the specifically Russian achievemen
Page 331 and 332:
the West. Such centres were, howeve
Page 333 and 334:
ationalist and scientific thought,
Page 335 and 336:
ight had I," cries Kropotkin in his
Page 337 and 338:
or apathy by the peasants, and the
Page 339 and 340:
had been different again. There had
Page 341 and 342:
messenger sent on a sudden by God t
Page 343 and 344:
mainly because Catholics were synon
Page 345 and 346:
In ' the western lands ' printing,
Page 347 and 348:
(b. 1643, banished to the Arctic 16
Page 349 and 350:
went off as a member of 'the great
Page 351 and 352:
science. He succeeded posthumously
Page 353 and 354:
variable and the use of Russian as
Page 355 and 356:
or (as for instance Osterman in the
Page 357 and 358:
the middle of the eighteenth centur
Page 359 and 360:
to the Academy of Sciences, and he
Page 361 and 362:
from England and Germany. Russian m
Page 363 and 364:
down to the serf's hut. From small
Page 365 and 366:
operating in Russia: a 'free labour
Page 367 and 368:
and by a few large-scale British-Ru
Page 369 and 370:
addition to extremely low purchasin
Page 371 and 372:
cent, was held by foreigners, as co
Page 373 and 374:
of Bastiat and Cobden. There follow
Page 375 and 376:
of Western Art one of the finest co
Page 377 and 378:
imperialism in the Middle and Far E
Page 379 and 380:
section of the town-dwellers, espec
Page 381 and 382:
extent the commune. This helps to a
Page 383 and 384:
pay had been made to it, and it was
Page 385 and 386:
stood for Western democracy of a li
Page 387 and 388:
than any since that of 1891, capped
Page 389 and 390:
(4) There were just enough speciali
Page 391 and 392:
CoalIron ore . . . .Pig-iron . . .
Page 393 and 394:
including agriculture, all transpor
Page 395 and 396:
commitments have been incurred than
Page 397 and 398:
explicitly emphazised as a most imp
Page 399 and 400:
Total populationUrban .Rural .19391
Page 401 and 402:
policy pursued in the ten years bef
Page 403 and 404:
often as not she was one of the dec
Page 405 and 406:
Russia, as the Crimean War gave amp
Page 407 and 408:
country by looting. The Russian arm
Page 409 and 410:
illustrated by the Bavarian success
Page 411 and 412:
the Napoleonic period hgr eastern i
Page 413 and 414:
humbling of their pride and by the
Page 415 and 416:
Niemen. Twelve weeks later Napoleon
Page 417 and 418:
to the invader. He was torn to the
Page 419 and 420:
of European peace might be formed,
Page 421 and 422: and the French, followed by war wit
Page 423 and 424: could to rebuild the rampart, to re
Page 425 and 426: of the Holy Alliance. There were, i
Page 427 and 428: Europe. Left to himself he would sw
Page 429 and 430: with the contrast in their own case
Page 431 and 432: agreed that Russia could not fight,
Page 433 and 434: Ferdinand, in Sarajevo, the capital
Page 435 and 436: The isolation of Russia after the c
Page 437 and 438: only if Germany were not the attack
Page 439 and 440: e disturbed as to the solidity of t
Page 441 and 442: championship of the Polish cause we
Page 443 and 444: and giving it a pro-French orientat
Page 445 and 446: evivified and extended the alliance
Page 447 and 448: powers" was not directly affected b
Page 449 and 450: which was one main reason for the p
Page 451 and 452: against her, had become impracticab
Page 453 and 454: against Western imperialism. The el
Page 455 and 456: fear drove both to combine, loosely
Page 458 and 459: CHRONOLOGICAL TABLEDates, as elsewh
Page 460 and 461: 1768-721767-8176417621756-631755175
Page 462 and 463: 1425-62141014081406-814041399139713
Page 464 and 465: NOTE ON BOOKSTHE following list of
Page 466 and 467: Times to the Death of Dostoevsky (1
Page 468 and 469: Sir Bernard Pares, The Fall of the
Page 470 and 471: INDEXFor Russian foreign relations
Page 474 and 475: Monasteries: 27, 48, 177-8, 182-4,1
Page 476 and 477: Skdbelev: 429.Slaves and slavery: 2
show all

Untitled - OUDL Home

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?