Guidelines for Complications of Cancer Treatment Vol VIII Part B

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Antibiotic prophylaxis for dental and urological patients withtotal joint arthroplastyThe most critical period for hematogenous seeding is up to 2years after joint placement 64 , occurring at a frequency of 0.14cases per 1000 joint-years, whereas the annual rate after thefirst 2 years is only 0.03 cases per 1000 joint-years 65 . Theroutine use of dental prophylaxis is not recommended for mostpatients with total joint arthroplasty after two years.Prophylaxis is considered for immunocompromised patientsundergoing dental procedures with a high bacteremic risk. 1 stgeneration cephalosporin or clindamycin for those allergic tocephalosporin is recommended as a single dose (2g cephalexinor 600mg clindamycin) 1 hour before the procedure. Therecommendations are similar for urologic procedures exceptthat ciprofloxacin or levofloxacin 500mg can be used. URINEINFECTION IF PRESENT PUTS A HIGHER RISK ANDSHOULD BE TREATED BEFORE MANIPULATION 66 .References1. Hanssen AD, Osmon DR, Nelson CL. Prevention of deepperiprosthetic joint infection. J Bone Joint Surg Am1996;78:458–71.2. Glenny AM, Song F. Antimicrobial prophylaxis in totalhip replacement: a systematic review. Health TechnolAssess 1999;3(21).3. Wiggins CE, Nelson CL, Clarke R, et al. Concentrationof antibiotics in normal bone after intravenous injection.J Bone Joint Surg Am 1978;60:93–6.4. Hanssen AD, Osmon DR. The use of prophylacticantimicrobial agents during and after hip arthroplasty.Clin Orthop 1999;369:124–38.5. Cantoni L, Glauser MP, Bille J. Comparative efficacyof daptomycin, vancomycin and cloxacillin for the135
treatment of Staphylococcus aureus endocarditis in ratsand role of test conditions in this determination.Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1990;34:1348–53.6. Fishmann NO, Brennan PJ. Optimizing use ofantimicrobial agents: pitfalls and consequences ofinappropriate therapy. J Clin Outcome Management1997;4:25–33.7. Mangram AJ, Horan TC, Pearson ML. Guideline forprevention of surgical site infections. Hospital InfectionControl Practices Advisory Committee. Infect ControlHosp Epidemiol 1999;20:250–78.8. Wiesel BB, Esterhai J Jr. Prophylaxis of musculoskeletalinfection. In: Calhoun J, Mader JT, editors.Musculoskeletal infections. New York: Marcel Dekker;2003. p. 115–29.9. Bratzler DW, Houck PM. Antimicrobial prophylaxis forsurgery. Clin Infect Dis 2004;38:1706–15.10. Mollan RA, Haddock M, Webb CH. Teicoplanin vscephamandole for antimicrobial prophylaxis inprosthetic joint implant surgery (preliminary results). EurJ Surg 1992;567:19–21.11. Lazzarini L, Pellizzer G, Stecca C, et al. Postoperativeinfections following total knee replacement: anepidemiological study. J Chemother 2001;13:182–7.12. Periti P, Stringa G, Mini E. Comparative multicenter trialof teicoplanin versus cefazolin for antimicrobialprophylaxis in prosthetic joint implant surgery. ItalianStudy Group for Antimicrobial Prophylaxis inOrthopedic Surgery. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis1999;18:113–9.13. Periti P, Stringa G, Donati L, et al. Teicoplanin–its roleas systemic therapy of burn infections and as prophylaxisfor orthopaedic surgery. Italian Study Groups for136
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Guidelines forComplications ofCance
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Dedicated toAll our patients atThe
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Section IIHead & Neck 151Complicati
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PrefaceTreatment of cancer by vario
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Section — IGeneralContributorsDr.
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6. Complications after breast recon
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promises to reduce this risk of ser
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preceded by increased sensory hyper
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had significant lymphoedema. The fa
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2. Smoking as a risk factor for wou
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4. Preoperative core needle biopsy
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eduction mammoplasty, and axillary-
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postoperative wound infection follo
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ablative surgical treatment for car
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postoperative seroma formation usin
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dressing consisted of a circumferen
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mastectomies with axillary node cle
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mastectomy for breast cancer. Early
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monitored for the development of po
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modality, and tumor stage distribut
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26. Pain and other symptoms during
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28. Coping, catastrophizing and chr
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surgical technique at the time of m
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0.001), 0.315 cm +/- 1.27 at the an
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or heat and superficial incision is
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RecommendationsA. Preparation of th
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3. Mangram AJ, Horan TC, Pearson ML
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Mild hypothermia increases blood lo
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Perioperative Normothermia to Reduc
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Priorities: Restoration of circulat
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than 1.5 times control values but f
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outcomes that may result from the u
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Preoperative Preparation of the Pat
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patients, or other patients who may
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Obstruction can occur at the level
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c. Administer face mask preoxygenat
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5. The use of exhaled carbon dioxid
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disorder) may occur after an episod
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undergoing general anesthesia, eith
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anesthesia awareness occurred in ea
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The current guidelines are actually
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o S - Strong Recommendation -Commit
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oSource control ASAP after successf
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oooWean steroids once vasopressors
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Mechanical ventilation of sepsis-in
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Page 96 and 97: critically ill patient that are con
Page 98 and 99: Rivers E, Nguyen B, Havstad S, et a
Page 100 and 101: in survival of 7.6%. By the second
Page 102 and 103: parameters (gastric mucosal Pco2, s
Page 104 and 105: syndrome. We therefore conducted a
Page 106 and 107: Complications After Limb SalvageSur
Page 108 and 109: local tumor and to preserve as much
Page 110 and 111: femoral head to the center of the k
Page 112 and 113: 4. Griffin AM, Parsons JA, Davis AM
Page 114 and 115: 20. Roberts P, Chan D, Grimer RJ, e
Page 116 and 117: An infection can have disastrous co
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Page 120 and 121: features of a two-stage revision is
Page 122 and 123: patients had an amputation. Two oth
Page 124 and 125: its main role is confined to ruling
Page 126 and 127: 2. Capanna R, Morris HG, Campanacci
Page 128 and 129: 21. Wilson MG, Kelley K, Thornhill
Page 130 and 131: 39. Love C, Marwin SE, Tomas MB, Kr
Page 132 and 133: 5. A systematic review of 25 RCT’
Page 134 and 135: (cefazolin or cefuroxime) or penici
Page 136 and 137: should be based on the isolates fro
Page 138 and 139: such as concomitant use of prophyla
Page 140 and 141: Surgical techniqueAdherence to meti
Page 142 and 143: 2. Another small prospective random
Page 146 and 147: Antimicrobial Prophylaxis in Orthop
Page 148 and 149: 35. Tai CC, Nirvani AA, Holmes A, e
Page 150 and 151: 53. Parker MJ, Roberts C. Closed su
Page 152 and 153: Vessel Related Issues in Sarcoma:Ev
Page 154 and 155: sequences may be of value. They cau
Page 156 and 157: an excellent alternative to amputat
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Page 162 and 163: Oral IncompetenceOral competence is
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Page 166 and 167: 16. R. Song, Y. Gao, Y. Song, Y. Yu
Page 168 and 169: The incidence is usually lower afte
Page 170 and 171: Late fibrotic phase: Attempted tiss
Page 172 and 173: Ref: A Lyons, N Ghazali/ British J
Page 174 and 175: 17. Store G, Boysen M. Mandibular o
Page 176 and 177: amino acids, proteins and traces of
Page 178 and 179: RTOG, EORTC and CTCAE, version 3 fo
Page 180 and 181: difference in the disease related p
Page 182 and 183: References1. Bourhis J, Rosine D. R
Page 184 and 185: with head and neck cancer. N Engl J
Page 186 and 187: MucositisMucositis is an inflammato
Page 188 and 189: Type of cancer: high risk for mucos
Page 190 and 191: Oral care protocol1. Brush all toot
Page 192 and 193: 3. El-Sayed S, Nabid A, ShelleyW, e
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1) Recipient site problems- The maj
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estoration of vascular flow to tiss
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General Complications- Deep vein th
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Nerve Injuries(Recurrent and Superi
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paramedian position, it will result
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along with its variations, and a me
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anatomy as related to surgery of th
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Risk factorsCentral compartment (Le
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Goal - To raise serum calcium level
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Pharyngocutaneous Fistula (PC Fistu
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Based on our institutional practice
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fistula: The Memorial University ex
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Risk factors (LOE-5)Patient factors
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oCircumferencial excision and inser
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y trauma or tumor, exposing the und
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Arytenoid cartilage is reported to
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Filntisis, G.A., et al. “Laryngea
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As high as 52% patients are detecte
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ManagementPostural exercisesDisorde
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References1) Objective assessment o
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Diagnosis Average time to hypothyro
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Management of Facial Nerve InjuryIn
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2. Interposition or cable graft (to
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Prevention of corneal exposure Tars
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flushing) and localized sweating (g
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Other options :1. Intracutaneous in
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Shoulder Dysfunction or PainfulShou
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EMG studies on scapulo-humeral and
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Chyle Fistula after Neck Dissection
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Rationale:LCTs, which constitute 70
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CSF Leak after Craniofacial Resecti
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to the muscle to recreate the orbit
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Conservative treatmentIt is logical
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Complications Associated with use o
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Following is the example of hematol
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ooooooo direct interaction with the
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ooooointravenously over 15 minutes
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in most of the patients. The common
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Section — IIIRadiotherapyContribu
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nodes are involved or suspected to
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function. In general, with conventi
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like ultrasonography, CT scan, endo
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catheter passed through the anus in
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Acute symptoms usually subside seve
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granulocytopenia, thrombocytopenia
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adiation therapy), IMRT (intensity-
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patients who have received radical
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ate expected in the standard popula
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adjusting for competing causes of d
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therapy (3D-CRT) and intensity modu
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attributed to use of cisplatin base
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Conclusion:Incidence of SMN is incr
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11. Travis LB, Fossa SD, Schonfeld
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adiation-related solid SMNs will in
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0.71, p
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5.65%) within 45 years after a CNS
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adiation damage though supporting v
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without calcification. Inflammation
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patients treated using the original
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incidence of valvular thickening at
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12. Hancock S, Hoppe R. Long-term c
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syndrome and bronchiolitis oblitera
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Darby SC, McGale P, Taylor CW, Peto
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undertaken, based on individual pat
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Pathophysiological Aspects:The func
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Symptoms: Symptoms related to pulmo
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Prevention of Pneumonitis and Lung
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genotyping analysis of single nucle
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Registry of Patients. We computed I
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eceived elective nodal irradiation
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Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 1995
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worsening during the treatment shou
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Differential Diagnosis: This sign i
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Dose Incidence Comments Author>30 G
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PET scan findings have been describ
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3. Pallis CA, Louis S, Morgan RL.:
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24. Abbatucci JS, Delozier T, Quint
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and summarized into specific recomm
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adequate. With the increasing use o
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Complications are mainly described
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IQ decline is associated with sever
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activity’ of a person, essentiall
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development after brain tumor thera
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Highest relative risk of second can
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Suggested Reading:A) Neuropsycholog
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aseline. Male sex, longer symptomat
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number of patients. Cognition was p
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16 years, the corresponding value w
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15 of 20 (75%) subjects, endocrine
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OBJECTIVE: To assess cerebrovascula
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hypometabolism. Of the 17 patients
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10-20 months, with an average of 18
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Febrile NeutropeniaNeutropenia is w
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Approach to initial antibiotic use
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Known colonization with Penicillin/
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DocumentedinfectionsSuggesteddurati
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Zygomycosis and other mold infectio
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Overall risk Examples Febrile neutr
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Broad spectrum DOSE Spectrum Commen
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Role of G-CSF-Primary Prophylaxis:R
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Chemotherapy Induced Nausea andVomi
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Level I Level II Level III Level IV
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Types & doses of AntiemeticsDrug &
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supported by a meta-analysis, which
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and follow-up after treatment for n
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day 1; aprepitant and dexamethasone
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2-3: APR 80 mg every day) or a cont
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Late Effects in Childhood CancerSur
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to increase their awareness about l
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Contd...Score2BStatement of consens
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6 Kurkure PA, Achrekar S, Uparkar U
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nonirradiated group did not differ
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Gaslini Children’s Research Hospi
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Our ACT model has 3 basic facets; p
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The relative risk of developing TLS
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the excretion of uric acid and phos
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hyperuricemia (> 7.5 mg/dL), treatm
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hydration, and the administration o
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which the different drugs are admin
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Table 2. Cairo-Bishop clinical Tumo
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Table 4 Patient Stratification by R
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Table 6 Management of Electrolyte A
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of TLS and improve the management o
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4. Efficacy and safety of rasburica
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Pulmonary Toxicity of Antineoplasti
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Though there are many chemotherapeu
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corticosteroids with variable respo
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Nephrotoxicity ofChemotherapeutic D
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associated with use of carbopltin c
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Table 2 Chemotherapeutics Requiring
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against ifosfamide nephrotoxicity.
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The incidence of mucositis involvin
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7. Obesity - Probably due to over d
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conditioning treatment and for 3 da
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References and Recommended Readings
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metabolism for activity, cyclophosp
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delays excretion and eventually res
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Combination Chemotherapy:Combinatio
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Vincristine: No dose reduction if b
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19. Slichenmyer WJ, Rowinsky EK, Gr
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AlopeciaCommon drugs causing alopec
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dependent, occurring from 8 days to
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Cancer Induced Anemia (CIA)Introduc
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system. There is an upregulation of
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time may represent increasing anemi
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(rHuEPO) whiles the other received
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Table 3. Improvements in Hemoglobin
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2. Groopman JE, Itri LM. Chemothera
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epoetin alfa versus oral iron or no
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NOTES
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Guidelines for Complications of Cancer Treatment Vol VIII Part B

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