Guidelines for Complications of Cancer Treatment Vol VIII Part B

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DocumentedinfectionsSuggestedduration oftherapyFollow up therapy of non-responding patients-In non-responding patients also it important to categorize ifinfection is documentedStable continue sameantibioticsFever ofunknownoriginUnstableSkin and soft tissue 7-14 daysBlood stream infectionuncomplicated Gram –ve 10-14days Gram +ve 7-14 days Saureus- 2 weeks after –ve bloodCulture and –ve transesophagealECHO Yeast >/= 2 weeks afternegative culture Considercatheter removal for bloodstream infection with candida, Saureus, P aeruginosa,Corynebacterium jeikeium,Acinetobacter, Bacillus,yeast,Molds, VRE, StenotrophomonasMaltophiliaSinusitis 10-21 days Bacterialpneumonia 10-21 days Moldsminimal 12 weeks Viral-HSV/VZV- 7-10 days of antiviralbroaden coveragefor anaerobes,Resistant Gram +ve,Gram –veConsider addingG-CSF Ensurecoverage for candidaaddantiFungalactivityagainstMoldsForfever>/= 4days379
Duration of treatment may depend upon clinical course,neutropenia recovery and toxicities.Documented Appropriate antibiotic for isolatedinfection pathogen Consider G-CSFConsider granulocyte transfusion forlife threatening bacterial andfungal infectionsTherapy for invasive fungal infectionsInvasive Candidiasis- (level-2)Invasive Candida infection is an important fungal infection.The crude mortality rate for candidemia varies from 23-50%.Fluconazole, AmphotericinB, Voriconazole and Caspofunginmay be used for invasive candidiasis. It appears thatcaspofungin had favourable response rate and better safetyprofile as compared to Amphotericin B. As number of patientswith neutropenia in the studies evaluating these drugs ininvasive candidiasis is small, the optimal therapy for thesepatients remains undefined.Invasive Aspergillosis: (level-2)Invasive Aspergillosis is common in patients with prolongedneutropenia. Voriconazole has better efficacy as compared toamphotericin B. In neutropenic patients also response washigher and is considered standard of care. Other antifungalsmay also be used eg- ampotericin B, Lipid preparation ofamphotericin B, caspofungin. Combination antifungalsvoriconazole with caspofungin, amphotericin B withcaspofungin has shown better efficacy as compared to singleagent in smaller trials. At present it is not possible torecommend combination antifungals for aspergillosis.380
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Guidelines forComplications ofCance
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Dedicated toAll our patients atThe
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Section IIHead & Neck 151Complicati
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PrefaceTreatment of cancer by vario
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Section — IGeneralContributorsDr.
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6. Complications after breast recon
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promises to reduce this risk of ser
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preceded by increased sensory hyper
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had significant lymphoedema. The fa
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2. Smoking as a risk factor for wou
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4. Preoperative core needle biopsy
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eduction mammoplasty, and axillary-
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postoperative wound infection follo
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ablative surgical treatment for car
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postoperative seroma formation usin
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dressing consisted of a circumferen
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mastectomies with axillary node cle
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mastectomy for breast cancer. Early
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monitored for the development of po
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modality, and tumor stage distribut
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26. Pain and other symptoms during
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28. Coping, catastrophizing and chr
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surgical technique at the time of m
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0.001), 0.315 cm +/- 1.27 at the an
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or heat and superficial incision is
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RecommendationsA. Preparation of th
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3. Mangram AJ, Horan TC, Pearson ML
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Mild hypothermia increases blood lo
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Perioperative Normothermia to Reduc
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Priorities: Restoration of circulat
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than 1.5 times control values but f
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outcomes that may result from the u
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Preoperative Preparation of the Pat
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patients, or other patients who may
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Obstruction can occur at the level
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c. Administer face mask preoxygenat
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5. The use of exhaled carbon dioxid
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disorder) may occur after an episod
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undergoing general anesthesia, eith
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anesthesia awareness occurred in ea
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The current guidelines are actually
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o S - Strong Recommendation -Commit
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oSource control ASAP after successf
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oooWean steroids once vasopressors
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Mechanical ventilation of sepsis-in
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o CVVH offers easier management inh
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critically ill patient that are con
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Rivers E, Nguyen B, Havstad S, et a
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in survival of 7.6%. By the second
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parameters (gastric mucosal Pco2, s
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syndrome. We therefore conducted a
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Complications After Limb SalvageSur
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local tumor and to preserve as much
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femoral head to the center of the k
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4. Griffin AM, Parsons JA, Davis AM
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20. Roberts P, Chan D, Grimer RJ, e
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An infection can have disastrous co
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and facilitating reimplantation sur
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features of a two-stage revision is
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patients had an amputation. Two oth
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its main role is confined to ruling
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2. Capanna R, Morris HG, Campanacci
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21. Wilson MG, Kelley K, Thornhill
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39. Love C, Marwin SE, Tomas MB, Kr
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5. A systematic review of 25 RCT’
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(cefazolin or cefuroxime) or penici
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should be based on the isolates fro
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such as concomitant use of prophyla
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Surgical techniqueAdherence to meti
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2. Another small prospective random
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Antibiotic prophylaxis for dental a
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Antimicrobial Prophylaxis in Orthop
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35. Tai CC, Nirvani AA, Holmes A, e
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53. Parker MJ, Roberts C. Closed su
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Vessel Related Issues in Sarcoma:Ev
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sequences may be of value. They cau
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an excellent alternative to amputat
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5. Hünerbein M, Hohenberger P, Str
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Oral IncompetenceOral competence is
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flap is insensate and has no motor
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16. R. Song, Y. Gao, Y. Song, Y. Yu
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The incidence is usually lower afte
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Late fibrotic phase: Attempted tiss
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Ref: A Lyons, N Ghazali/ British J
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17. Store G, Boysen M. Mandibular o
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amino acids, proteins and traces of
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RTOG, EORTC and CTCAE, version 3 fo
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difference in the disease related p
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References1. Bourhis J, Rosine D. R
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with head and neck cancer. N Engl J
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MucositisMucositis is an inflammato
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Type of cancer: high risk for mucos
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Oral care protocol1. Brush all toot
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3. El-Sayed S, Nabid A, ShelleyW, e
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1) Recipient site problems- The maj
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estoration of vascular flow to tiss
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General Complications- Deep vein th
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Nerve Injuries(Recurrent and Superi
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paramedian position, it will result
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along with its variations, and a me
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anatomy as related to surgery of th
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Risk factorsCentral compartment (Le
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Goal - To raise serum calcium level
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Pharyngocutaneous Fistula (PC Fistu
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Based on our institutional practice
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fistula: The Memorial University ex
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Risk factors (LOE-5)Patient factors
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oCircumferencial excision and inser
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y trauma or tumor, exposing the und
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Arytenoid cartilage is reported to
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Filntisis, G.A., et al. “Laryngea
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As high as 52% patients are detecte
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ManagementPostural exercisesDisorde
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References1) Objective assessment o
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Diagnosis Average time to hypothyro
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Management of Facial Nerve InjuryIn
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2. Interposition or cable graft (to
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Prevention of corneal exposure Tars
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flushing) and localized sweating (g
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Other options :1. Intracutaneous in
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Shoulder Dysfunction or PainfulShou
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EMG studies on scapulo-humeral and
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Chyle Fistula after Neck Dissection
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Rationale:LCTs, which constitute 70
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CSF Leak after Craniofacial Resecti
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to the muscle to recreate the orbit
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Conservative treatmentIt is logical
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Complications Associated with use o
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Following is the example of hematol
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ooooooo direct interaction with the
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ooooointravenously over 15 minutes
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in most of the patients. The common
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Section — IIIRadiotherapyContribu
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nodes are involved or suspected to
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function. In general, with conventi
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like ultrasonography, CT scan, endo
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catheter passed through the anus in
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Acute symptoms usually subside seve
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granulocytopenia, thrombocytopenia
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adiation therapy), IMRT (intensity-
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patients who have received radical
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ate expected in the standard popula
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adjusting for competing causes of d
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therapy (3D-CRT) and intensity modu
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attributed to use of cisplatin base
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Conclusion:Incidence of SMN is incr
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11. Travis LB, Fossa SD, Schonfeld
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adiation-related solid SMNs will in
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0.71, p
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5.65%) within 45 years after a CNS
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adiation damage though supporting v
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without calcification. Inflammation
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patients treated using the original
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incidence of valvular thickening at
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12. Hancock S, Hoppe R. Long-term c
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syndrome and bronchiolitis oblitera
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Darby SC, McGale P, Taylor CW, Peto
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undertaken, based on individual pat
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Pathophysiological Aspects:The func
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Symptoms: Symptoms related to pulmo
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Prevention of Pneumonitis and Lung
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genotyping analysis of single nucle
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Registry of Patients. We computed I
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eceived elective nodal irradiation
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Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 1995
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Page 340 and 341: Differential Diagnosis: This sign i
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Page 348 and 349: 24. Abbatucci JS, Delozier T, Quint
Page 350 and 351: and summarized into specific recomm
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Page 354 and 355: Complications are mainly described
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Page 360 and 361: development after brain tumor thera
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Page 364 and 365: Suggested Reading:A) Neuropsycholog
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Page 368 and 369: number of patients. Cognition was p
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Page 372 and 373: 15 of 20 (75%) subjects, endocrine
Page 374 and 375: OBJECTIVE: To assess cerebrovascula
Page 376 and 377: hypometabolism. Of the 17 patients
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Page 382 and 383: Febrile NeutropeniaNeutropenia is w
Page 384 and 385: Approach to initial antibiotic use
Page 386 and 387: Known colonization with Penicillin/
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Page 394 and 395: Broad spectrum DOSE Spectrum Commen
Page 400 and 401: Role of G-CSF-Primary Prophylaxis:R
Page 402 and 403: Chemotherapy Induced Nausea andVomi
Page 404 and 405: Level I Level II Level III Level IV
Page 406 and 407: Types & doses of AntiemeticsDrug &
Page 408 and 409: supported by a meta-analysis, which
Page 410 and 411: and follow-up after treatment for n
Page 412 and 413: day 1; aprepitant and dexamethasone
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Page 416 and 417: Late Effects in Childhood CancerSur
Page 418 and 419: to increase their awareness about l
Page 420 and 421: Contd...Score2BStatement of consens
Page 422 and 423: 6 Kurkure PA, Achrekar S, Uparkar U
Page 424 and 425: nonirradiated group did not differ
Page 426 and 427: Gaslini Children’s Research Hospi
Page 428 and 429: Our ACT model has 3 basic facets; p
Page 430 and 431: The relative risk of developing TLS
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which the different drugs are admin
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Table 2. Cairo-Bishop clinical Tumo
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Table 4 Patient Stratification by R
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Table 6 Management of Electrolyte A
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of TLS and improve the management o
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4. Efficacy and safety of rasburica
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Pulmonary Toxicity of Antineoplasti
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Though there are many chemotherapeu
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corticosteroids with variable respo
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Nephrotoxicity ofChemotherapeutic D
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associated with use of carbopltin c
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Table 2 Chemotherapeutics Requiring
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against ifosfamide nephrotoxicity.
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The incidence of mucositis involvin
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7. Obesity - Probably due to over d
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conditioning treatment and for 3 da
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References and Recommended Readings
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metabolism for activity, cyclophosp
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delays excretion and eventually res
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Combination Chemotherapy:Combinatio
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Vincristine: No dose reduction if b
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19. Slichenmyer WJ, Rowinsky EK, Gr
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AlopeciaCommon drugs causing alopec
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dependent, occurring from 8 days to
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Cancer Induced Anemia (CIA)Introduc
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system. There is an upregulation of
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time may represent increasing anemi
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(rHuEPO) whiles the other received
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Table 3. Improvements in Hemoglobin
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2. Groopman JE, Itri LM. Chemothera
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epoetin alfa versus oral iron or no
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NOTES
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