Histopathology of Seed-Borne Infections - Applied Research Center ...

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4.3.2 Routes for Infection from Ovary to Ovule and Seed........................914.4 Avenues of Infection in Threshed Seeds.......................................................924.5 Mechanism of Penetration of Ovary, Fruit, and Seed Surfaces....................934.6 Concluding Remarks......................................................................................96References................................................................................................................96Chapter 5 Location of Fungal Hyphae in Seeds ..............................................1015.1 Severity of Infection and Location..............................................................1015.2 Primary Sites of Colonization .....................................................................1045.3 Host–Pathogen Interactions .........................................................................1045.4 Mixed Infections ..........................................................................................1055.5 Colonization of Seed Tissues.......................................................................1075.5.1 Oomycetes........................................................................................1075.5.1.1 Phytophthora.....................................................................1075.5.1.2 Peronospora ......................................................................1105.5.1.3 Plasmopara .......................................................................1105.5.1.4 Sclerospora, Peronosclerospora, and Sclerophthora .......1105.5.1.5 Albugo ...............................................................................1115.5.2 Ascomycetes.....................................................................................1135.5.2.1 Protomyces........................................................................1135.5.2.2 Claviceps...........................................................................1155.5.2.3 Sclerotinia .........................................................................1195.5.2.4 Didymella..........................................................................1195.5.3 Basidiomycetes.................................................................................1195.5.3.1 Ustilaginales (Smuts and Bunts) ......................................1195.5.3.2 Uredinales (Rusts) ............................................................1245.5.4 Deuteromycetes................................................................................1255.5.4.1 Hyphomycetes...................................................................1255.5.4.2 Coelomycetes....................................................................1415.6 Endophytes ...................................................................................................1495.6.1 Stromatic Infection...........................................................................1505.6.2 Nonstromatic Infections...................................................................1515.6.3 Viability of Mycelium in Seed ........................................................1515.7 Implication of Internal Infection..................................................................1545.8 Concluding Remarks....................................................................................155References..............................................................................................................155Chapter 6 Seed Infection by Bacteria...............................................................1696.1 Penetration....................................................................................................1696.1.1 Invasion of Plant Parts .....................................................................1706.1.2 Spread in Plant and Course of Entry into Ovaryand Fruit and Ovule and Seed.........................................................1746.1.3 Invasion of Threshed and Disseminated Seeds ...............................1776.2 Histopathology of Infected Seeds................................................................178
6.2.1 Xanthomonas....................................................................................1786.2.2 Pseudomonas, Acidovorax, and Burkholderia.................................1856.2.3 Rathayibacter and Clavibacter ........................................................1876.2.4 Curtobacterium ................................................................................1886.2.5 Pantoea.............................................................................................1906.3 Survival in Seed ...........................................................................................1906.4 Concluding Remarks....................................................................................191References..............................................................................................................192Chapter 7 Seed Infection by Viruses ................................................................1997.1 Infection and Multiplication ........................................................................1997.2 Cellular Contacts, Isolation, and Transport Systems in Ovule and Seed...2057.3 Virus Movement...........................................................................................2067.3.1 Infected Plant ...................................................................................2067.3.2 Ovule and Seed ................................................................................2077.4 Localization in Reproductive Shoot, Ovule, and Seed ...............................2097.4.1 Barley Stripe Mosaic Virus (BSMV) and Similar Viruses .............2097.4.2 Bean Common Mosaic Virus (BCMV) ...........................................2177.4.3 Lettuce Mosaic Virus (LMV) ..........................................................2177.4.4 Pea Seed-Borne Mosaic Virus (PSbMV) ........................................2177.5 Cytopathological Effects..............................................................................2197.6 Inactivation or Longevity of Viruses in Seed during Maturationand Storage...................................................................................................2217.7 Concluding Remarks....................................................................................222References..............................................................................................................223Chapter 8 Seed Infection by Nematodes..........................................................2298.1 Penetration by Nematodes ...........................................................................2298.2 Histopathology .............................................................................................2318.2.1 Anguina tritici (Steinbuck) Chitwood (Ear Cockle Disease)..........2318.2.1.1 Disease Cycle....................................................................2318.2.1.2 Origin of Galls..................................................................2328.2.1.3 Histology of Developing and Mature Galls.....................2338.2.2 Anguina agrostis (Steinbuch) Filipjev(Bent Grass Gall Nematode)............................................................2358.2.2.1 Histology and Development of Galls...............................2358.2.3 Anguina agropyronifloris Norton(Western Wheatgrass Nematode).....................................................2388.2.3.1 Origin and Histology of Galls..........................................2388.2.4 Ditylenchus destructor Thorne (Potato Nematode in Groundnut)...2388.2.5 Aphelenchoides besseyi Christie (White Tip Nematode of Rice) ....2398.2.6 Aphelenchoides arachidis Bos (Testa Nematode of Groundnut)....2398.2.7 Pratylenchus brachyurus (Godfrey) Filipjev...................................2418.3 Association of Nematode and Bacteria .......................................................241
Page 2 and 3: Histopathology ofSeed-Borne Infecti
Page 4: PrefaceThe book deals with only one
Page 8 and 9: The AuthorsDalbir Singh, Ph.D., for
Page 10 and 11: ContentsChapter 1 Introduction ....
Page 14: 8.4 Survival in Seed ..............
Page 17 and 18: 2 Histopathology of Seed-Borne Infe
Page 19 and 20: 4 Histopathology of Seed-Borne Infe
Page 22 and 23: 2Reproductive Structuresand Seed Fo
Page 24 and 25: Reproductive Structures and Seed Fo
Page 26: Reproductive Structures and Seed Fo
Page 29 and 30: 14 Histopathology of Seed-Borne Inf
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3Structure of SeedsThe seed habit i
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Structure of Seeds 49(1971) of usin
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Structure of Seeds 51is found in as
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Structure of Seeds 53dry seed of Ly
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Structure of Seeds 553.3.2 SEED COA
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Structure of Seeds 57Endosperm: One
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Structure of Seeds 59scendembepsmuA
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Structure of Seeds 61Endosperm: Sca
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Structure of Seeds 63Chalaza simple
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Structure of Seeds 65stystypmerA Bc
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Structure of Seeds 67epsent endCADB
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Structure of Seeds 69perhscendembpe
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Structure of Seeds 71eposgepi′epo
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Structure of Seeds 73(Zea and Sorgh
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Structure of Seeds 75Baker, D.M. an
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Structure of Seeds 77Maheshwari Dev
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Structure of Seeds 79Vries, M.A. de
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82 Histopathology of Seed-Borne Inf
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100 Histopathology of Seed-Borne In
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TABLE 5.6Location of Mycelium of St
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7Seed Infection by VirusesViruses a
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Seed Infection by Viruses 201TABLE
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Seed Infection by Viruses 205Unlike
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Seed Infection by Viruses 2073. The
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Seed Infection by Viruses 209Wilcox
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Seed Infection by Viruses 213floret
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Seed Infection by Viruses 215ptowvv
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Seed Infection by Viruses 2177.4.2
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Seed Infection by Viruses 219seed(s
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Seed Infection by Viruses 221AMV fo
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Seed Infection by Viruses 223REFERE
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Seed Infection by Viruses 225Hunter
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Seed Infection by Viruses 227Wolf,
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