Histopathology of Seed-Borne Infections - Applied Research Center ...

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Location of Fungal Hyphae in Seeds 117colonization ofstigmatic tissue bythe pathogeninfected panicle showinghoney dew stageinflorescence atprotogyny stagemicro- andmacroconidiapseudomorph(sclerotial formation)ascosporesconidiacollateralhostssclerotia in placesof seedasci containingascosporessclerotiainfestedseedperithecium showingasci and paraphysesL.s.stromagerminatingsclerotiaFIGURE 5.8 Disease cycle of ergot of pearl millet caused by Claviceps fusiformis. (Reproducedwith permission from Chahal, S.S., Thakur, R.P. and Mathur, S.B. 1994. Seed-BorneDiseases and Seed Health Testing of Pearl Millet. Danish Government Institute of SeedPathology for Developing Countries, Copenhagen, Denmark.)uninfected part of the floret. The development of this cell plate is completed within8 days of infection in pearl millet (Roy, 1984).The ovary wall is also infected, and intercellular hyphae emerge in between theepidermal cells to form the extramatrical sphacelial stage (Campbell, 1958; Roy,1984). The development of ergot sclerotium begins with the development of pseudoparenchymatousor plectenchymatous sclerotic tissue in the lower half of the ovary(Roy, 1984; Bandyopadhyay et al., 1990). This tissue gradually increases, carryingthe conidial pouches at the top. Finally the sclerotium formation is completed andthe entire ovary is filled with pseudoparenchymatous hyphal mass.After invading stigma and style, C. paspali permeates the ovary wall inP. dilatatum and spreads outward, emerging between the cells of the outer epidermisand forming a plectenchymatous extrametrical stroma around the ovary(Figure 5.9D). The fungus grows to a lesser extent toward the inside. The hyphaeon the surface transform into conidiophores forming conidia (Figure 5.9D) and the
118 Histopathology of Seed-Borne InfectionsstymydohowovfprADhdchcalalccppstpsmfphcrcplrvbBCFIGURE 5.9 Developing gramineaceous florets showing formation of sclerotia of Clavicepsspecies. A to C, Claviceps fusiformis in Pennisetum typhoides. A, Ls ovary after 5 days ofinoculation with mycelium in stylar region. B, C, Ls infected ovaries showing developmentof sclerotium, conidial pouches, and position of cell plate separating infected ovary fromrachilla. D, Cross section of infected ovary of Paspalum dilatatum by Claviceps paspaliproducing conidia from extramatrical stroma on surface. (Abbreviations: al, remnants of antherlobes; c, conidia; cp, conidial pouch, cpl, cell plate separating ovary from rachilla; doh, areasshowing dissolution of host cells; fp, floral parts; hc, host cells; hd, honey dew; my, mycelium;ov, ovule; ow, ovary wall; psm, pseudoparenchymatous mass; pst, presclerotic tissue; r, rachilla;sty, style; vb, vascular bundle.) (A to C, Roy, S. 1984. Ph.D. thesis, University of Rajasthan,Jaipur, India; D, Luttrell, E.S., 1977, Phytopathology, 67: 1461–1468. With permission.)
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Histopathology ofSeed-Borne Infecti
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PrefaceThe book deals with only one
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The AuthorsDalbir Singh, Ph.D., for
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ContentsChapter 1 Introduction ....
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4.3.2 Routes for Infection from Ova
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8.4 Survival in Seed ..............
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2 Histopathology of Seed-Borne Infe
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4 Histopathology of Seed-Borne Infe
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2Reproductive Structuresand Seed Fo
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Reproductive Structures and Seed Fo
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14 Histopathology of Seed-Borne Inf
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3Structure of SeedsThe seed habit i
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Structure of Seeds 49(1971) of usin
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Structure of Seeds 51is found in as
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Structure of Seeds 53dry seed of Ly
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Structure of Seeds 553.3.2 SEED COA
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Structure of Seeds 57Endosperm: One
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Structure of Seeds 59scendembepsmuA
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Structure of Seeds 61Endosperm: Sca
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Structure of Seeds 63Chalaza simple
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Structure of Seeds 65stystypmerA Bc
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Page 92 and 93: Structure of Seeds 77Maheshwari Dev
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168 Histopathology of Seed-Borne In
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7Seed Infection by VirusesViruses a
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Seed Infection by Viruses 201TABLE
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Seed Infection by Viruses 205Unlike
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Seed Infection by Viruses 2073. The
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Seed Infection by Viruses 209Wilcox
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Seed Infection by Viruses 213floret
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Seed Infection by Viruses 215ptowvv
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Seed Infection by Viruses 2177.4.2
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Seed Infection by Viruses 219seed(s
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Seed Infection by Viruses 221AMV fo
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Seed Infection by Viruses 223REFERE
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Seed Infection by Viruses 225Hunter
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Seed Infection by Viruses 227Wolf,
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