Histopathology of Seed-Borne Infections - Applied Research Center ...

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Structure of Seeds 59scendembepsmuAcscoiendiiendBcotcotCFIGURE 3.6 Structure of seed of Linum usitatissimum (A, B) and Sesamum indicum (C). A,Median Ls of seed. B, Ts of mature seed coat consisting of thick cuticle, radially elongatedepidermal cells with mucilage, and thick-walled outer epidermis of inner integument. C, Tspart of seed, epidermal cells radially elongated with calcium oxalate crystals. (Abbreviations:c, calcium oxalate crystals; cot, cotyledon; emb, embryo; end, endosperm; eps, seed epidermis;ii, inner integument; mu, mucilage; oi, outer integument; sc, seed coat.) (A, B, Adapted fromBoesewinkel, F.D. 1984. Ber. Dtsch. Bot. Ges. Bd. 97: 443–450; C, Adapted from Vaughan,J.A. 1970. The Structure and Utilization of Oil Seeds. Chapman & Hall, London.)Embryo: Erect, axile, spatulate, cotyledons two, flat, cells with oil and proteinas reserve food.Endosperm: Three to six cells thick; cells are thin-walled and reserve food asoil and protein.
60 Histopathology of Seed-Borne Infections3.4.4 FABACEAE (LEGUMINOSAE) SUBFAMILY FABOIDEAE(PAPILIONATAE) (FIGURE 3.7A TO G)(Vaughan, 1970; Lersten, 1981; Wolf, Baker, and Bernard, 1981; Yaklich, Vigil, andWergin, 1984, 1986; Jha and Pandey, 1989; Baker and Mebrahtu, 1990; Kulik andYaklich, 1991)External: Seeds turgid, usually bean shaped (reniform, ovoid [Cicer] or nearlyspherical [Pisum]), oblong, (rhomboid [Trigonella] or straight cylindrical [Arachis]),smooth or wrinkled; glossy or dull; monochrome (brown, black, green, red, cream,white, or their shades) or dichrome due to mottling or areas of two distinct colors;hilum conspicuous, nearly central or terminal, white or dull cream colored, withoutor with a colored margin, oval or elongate with a longitudinal split; micropyleinconspicuous to conspicuous, closed or open; arillate (rim-aril a collar-like outgrowtharound the hilum, well to poorly developed) or nonarillate; lens (a raisedarea between the hilum and chalaza, area where water penetrates in the otherwiseimpermeable testa) distinct or inconspicuous, color as of testa or variable; raphedistinct or indistinct, discolored or with a different color (Lablab).Spermoderm patterns in SEM, smooth, reticulate, striate, tuberculate, rugose,and faveolate; seed coat with or without pores; covered with bloom or other depositsderived from endocarp of pod (Newell and Hymowitz, 1978; Wolf, Baker, andBernard, 1981; Yaklich, Vigil, and Wergin, 1986).Internal: Seed coat exotestal, seed epidermis — thick-walled palisade — likeprismatic cells (Malpighian cells) with linea lucida, in transections outer and innerfacets hexagonal, lumen linear and often substellate; weakly lignified or unlignified;hypodermis one-layered; rarely two-layered in hilar region (Cajanus), thick-walled,unlignified; hourglass cells with prominent air-spaces; remaining mesophyll includinginner epidermis unspecialized, cells thin-walled, greatly compressed, a few outerlayers distinct. In Cicer, the palisade layer is without thickening in kabuli seeds, butit is thick-walled and possesses pigmented contents in seeds of desi cultivars (Singhet al., 1984).The chalaza is simple. The hilum is well differentiated, differentiation takingplace in the young developing seed (Baker and Mebrahtu, 1990). The hilar layer isin continuation with the macrosclereid of the seed coat, radially elongated forminghilar palisade layer, funicle cells, opposite the hilar macrosclereids develop into anadditional macrosclereid layer referred to as counter palisade layer (confined to hilarregion only), palisade and counter palisade layers interrupted along the mid lineforming suture or groove leading to the tracheid bar (hilar median groove), tracheidbar below hilar groove, cells elongate or isodiametric, lignified, thickenings reticulate;funicular remnants cover hilum-epihilum; rim aril present or absent; subhilartissue of stellate parenchyma.Seed vascular supply variable, usually extends into the antiraphe, postchalazalsupply unbranched or branched; two recurrent bundles provided to the hilar region.Embryo: Cotyledons two, thick, radicle exposed and embryonic axis inflexed;epicotyl with one or more buds, one or more seminal leaves, reserve food proteinand starch in most pulses; protein and oil in oil seeds (Arachis, Glycine).
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Histopathology ofSeed-Borne Infecti
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PrefaceThe book deals with only one
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The AuthorsDalbir Singh, Ph.D., for
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ContentsChapter 1 Introduction ....
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4.3.2 Routes for Infection from Ova
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8.4 Survival in Seed ..............
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2 Histopathology of Seed-Borne Infe
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4 Histopathology of Seed-Borne Infe
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2Reproductive Structuresand Seed Fo
Page 24 and 25: Reproductive Structures and Seed Fo
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Page 62 and 63: 3Structure of SeedsThe seed habit i
Page 64 and 65: Structure of Seeds 49(1971) of usin
Page 66 and 67: Structure of Seeds 51is found in as
Page 68 and 69: Structure of Seeds 53dry seed of Ly
Page 70 and 71: Structure of Seeds 553.3.2 SEED COA
Page 72 and 73: Structure of Seeds 57Endosperm: One
Page 76 and 77: Structure of Seeds 61Endosperm: Sca
Page 78 and 79: Structure of Seeds 63Chalaza simple
Page 80 and 81: Structure of Seeds 65stystypmerA Bc
Page 82 and 83: Structure of Seeds 67epsent endCADB
Page 84 and 85: Structure of Seeds 69perhscendembpe
Page 86 and 87: Structure of Seeds 71eposgepi′epo
Page 88 and 89: Structure of Seeds 73(Zea and Sorgh
Page 90 and 91: Structure of Seeds 75Baker, D.M. an
Page 92 and 93: Structure of Seeds 77Maheshwari Dev
Page 94: Structure of Seeds 79Vries, M.A. de
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110 Histopathology of Seed-Borne In
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TABLE 5.6Location of Mycelium of St
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7Seed Infection by VirusesViruses a
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Seed Infection by Viruses 201TABLE
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Seed Infection by Viruses 205Unlike
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Seed Infection by Viruses 2073. The
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Seed Infection by Viruses 209Wilcox
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Seed Infection by Viruses 213floret
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Seed Infection by Viruses 215ptowvv
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Seed Infection by Viruses 2177.4.2
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Seed Infection by Viruses 219seed(s
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Seed Infection by Viruses 221AMV fo
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Seed Infection by Viruses 223REFERE
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Seed Infection by Viruses 225Hunter
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Seed Infection by Viruses 227Wolf,
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