Histopathology of Seed-Borne Infections - Applied Research Center ...

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Seed Infection by Bacteria 171ACBFDEGFIGURE 6.1 Stomatal penetration and vascular invasion by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv.phaseoli in bean. A to E, Stomatal penetration showing bacteria in the substomatal cavity andspreading from there into intercellular spaces. A, B, Leaf. C, D, Stem. E, Pod. F, Cs of midribregion of leaf showing bacteria in the xylem vessel. G, Cs stem showing invasion of metaxylemvessels by bacteria. (From Zaumeyer, W.J. 1930. U.S. Dept. Agric. Bull. 180: 1–36.)In addition to the stomata, C. m. subsp. michiganensis enters tomato leavesthrough trichomes (Layne, 1967). Getz, Fulbright, and Stephens (1983) alsoobserved that P. syringae pv. tomato entered tomato ovaries during the anthesisthrough eglandular and glandular hairs (Figure 6.2A to C). After the separation oftrichomes, the open trichome bases also served as sites for infection (Figure 6.2D).Meier (1934) studied early infection of Xanthomonas c. pv. campestris in cabbageand cauliflower and showed that the bacterium enters through the hydathodes. Thefire blight bacterium, Erwinia amylovora, invaded flowers of pear and apple througha noncutinized surface of stigma and anthers, hydathodes on sepals, stomata on thestyle, and sepals and nectarthodes on hypanthium (Hildebrand and MacDaniels,1935). After artificial inoculation of pear and apple flowers by E. amylovora, Pierstorff(1931) and Rosen (1935) found that the most common site of infection wasthrough the nectariferous surface of hypanthium. Thomson (1986) observed thatE. amylovora occurs predominantly on the stigmas of flowers in Pyrus, Malus,
172 Histopathology of Seed-Borne InfectionsADsBrEbCFFIGURE 6.2 SEM photomicrographs of tomato ovaries inoculated with Pseudomonas syringaepv. tomato showing infection sites. A, Tomato ovary at anthesis covered with nonglandularand glandular hairs (arrow). B, C, Capitate glandular hair (arrow) with bacteria on the head.Bacteria seen in C. D, Natural opening caused by detachment of the trichome on ovary surface.E, Ovary surface 11 days after inoculation showing swollen (arrow) and raised ruptured(arrow) areas with bacteria. F, Ruptured bacterial lesion magnified showing bacteria (arrow)extruded from the crack. (Abbreviations: b, bacteria; r, raised area on ovary surface; s, swollenarea.) (From Getz, S., Fulbright, D.W., and Stephens, C.T. 1983. Phytopathology 73: 39–43.With permission.)Pyracantha, Crataegus, and Cotoneaster (Figure 6.3A to C). The bacterium survivedbetter on the stigma than on the hypanthium, but the bacterial populations movedto the hypanthium to cause infection.Smith (1922) and Ark (1944) have shown that the pollen of Juglans regia maybe contaminated by Xanthomonas juglandis, causing walnut blight, and Ark found
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Histopathology ofSeed-Borne Infecti
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PrefaceThe book deals with only one
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The AuthorsDalbir Singh, Ph.D., for
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ContentsChapter 1 Introduction ....
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4.3.2 Routes for Infection from Ova
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8.4 Survival in Seed ..............
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2 Histopathology of Seed-Borne Infe
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4 Histopathology of Seed-Borne Infe
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2Reproductive Structuresand Seed Fo
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Reproductive Structures and Seed Fo
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14 Histopathology of Seed-Borne Inf
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3Structure of SeedsThe seed habit i
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Structure of Seeds 49(1971) of usin
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Structure of Seeds 51is found in as
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Structure of Seeds 53dry seed of Ly
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Structure of Seeds 553.3.2 SEED COA
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Structure of Seeds 57Endosperm: One
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Structure of Seeds 59scendembepsmuA
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Structure of Seeds 61Endosperm: Sca
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Structure of Seeds 63Chalaza simple
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Structure of Seeds 65stystypmerA Bc
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Structure of Seeds 67epsent endCADB
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Structure of Seeds 69perhscendembpe
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Structure of Seeds 71eposgepi′epo
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Structure of Seeds 73(Zea and Sorgh
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Structure of Seeds 75Baker, D.M. an
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Structure of Seeds 77Maheshwari Dev
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Structure of Seeds 79Vries, M.A. de
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100 Histopathology of Seed-Borne In
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Seed Infection by Viruses 221AMV fo
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Seed Infection by Viruses 223REFERE
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Seed Infection by Viruses 225Hunter
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Seed Infection by Viruses 227Wolf,
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