Histopathology of Seed-Borne Infections - Applied Research Center ...

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Seed Infection by Nematodes 233largely with Marcinowski that occasionally one or two stamens of a flower may benormal while others are transformed into galls. Midha and Swarup (1974) observedthat it is the staminate tissue that is primarily involved in gall formation. Carpellategalls are also formed. On the basis of macroscopic and microscopic observations,Agarwal (1984) traced the origin of seed galls to the anther, ovary, or anther–ovarytogether (Figure 8.2A, B to F). In all, seven types of galls are identified, dividedinto three broad categories.Category 1: Staminate galls(i) single anther gall (Figure 8.2B)(ii) double anther gall(iii) triple anther gallGalls, (i) to (iii) are sessile, but since sporogenous tissue is seen in suchdeveloping galls, they are called anther galls rather than staminate galls.The basal part of primordium forming filament fails to develop after theinfection has taken place. However, when the infection is delayed or gallformation is slow, partial galls with distinct filament develop.Category 2: Carpellate galls(iv) ovary gall (Figure 8.2C)Usually these galls do not show any evidence of style–stigma differentiation.However, the normal half of the carpel of the partial ovary gallsshow well-developed feathery stigma.Category 3: Staminate–carpellate galls(v) single anther–ovary gall (Figure 8.2D)(vi) double anther–ovary gall.(vii) triple anther–ovary gall (Figure 8.2F)The development of various types of galls may take place in the same spikelet.Once a particular structure becomes infected in a spikelet, other floral parts alsocontinue to develop and can be observed as whitish, pale, and sterile structures(Figure 8.2B to F).Agarwal (1984) made an extensive study on mature infected field crop andexperimental potted plants in order to collect evidence on the types of galls producedin wheat. Out of the 1257 green galls studied, triple anther–ovary galls were predominant(74.62%), and the single anther galls were the second dominating type(11.06%).Besides the anther and ovary galls, galls are rarely formed on leaves, glumes,palea, lemma, and its awn and lodicules. In exceptional cases, as many as four orfive galls are seen in a spikelet.8.2.1.3 Histology of Developing and Mature GallsThe histology of developing galls permits identification of galls developing fromanther or ovary; therefore, a separate account is given for them.
234 Histopathology of Seed-Borne InfectionsstiongoananloABCDEFFIGURE 8.2 (Color figure follows p. 146.) Normal floret and florets with developing galls.Glumes, lemma, and palaea removed in all cases. A, Normal floret showing three stamens,ovary with feathery stigma, and lodicules. B, Floret showing developing single anther gallwith two stamens and the ovary. C, Floret showing ovary gall and three stamens. D, Compoundgreen gall formed by the ovary and one stamen. E, Two green galls in a floret, a double anthergall (left) and ovary gall (right). F, A compound triple anther and ovary gall. (Abbreviations:an, anther; lo, lodicules; ng, nematode gall; o, ovary; sti, stigma.) (From Agarwal, K. 1984.Ph.D. thesis, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, India.)
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Histopathology ofSeed-Borne Infecti
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PrefaceThe book deals with only one
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The AuthorsDalbir Singh, Ph.D., for
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ContentsChapter 1 Introduction ....
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4.3.2 Routes for Infection from Ova
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8.4 Survival in Seed ..............
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2 Histopathology of Seed-Borne Infe
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4 Histopathology of Seed-Borne Infe
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2Reproductive Structuresand Seed Fo
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Reproductive Structures and Seed Fo
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14 Histopathology of Seed-Borne Inf
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3Structure of SeedsThe seed habit i
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Structure of Seeds 49(1971) of usin
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Structure of Seeds 51is found in as
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Structure of Seeds 53dry seed of Ly
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Structure of Seeds 553.3.2 SEED COA
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Structure of Seeds 57Endosperm: One
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Structure of Seeds 59scendembepsmuA
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Structure of Seeds 61Endosperm: Sca
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Structure of Seeds 63Chalaza simple
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Structure of Seeds 65stystypmerA Bc
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Structure of Seeds 67epsent endCADB
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Structure of Seeds 69perhscendembpe
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Structure of Seeds 71eposgepi′epo
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Structure of Seeds 73(Zea and Sorgh
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Structure of Seeds 75Baker, D.M. an
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Structure of Seeds 77Maheshwari Dev
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Structure of Seeds 79Vries, M.A. de
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TABLE 5.6Location of Mycelium of St
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Page 214 and 215: 7Seed Infection by VirusesViruses a
Page 216 and 217: Seed Infection by Viruses 201TABLE
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Page 222 and 223: Seed Infection by Viruses 2073. The
Page 224 and 225: Seed Infection by Viruses 209Wilcox
Page 228 and 229: Seed Infection by Viruses 213floret
Page 230 and 231: Seed Infection by Viruses 215ptowvv
Page 232 and 233: Seed Infection by Viruses 2177.4.2
Page 234 and 235: Seed Infection by Viruses 219seed(s
Page 236 and 237: Seed Infection by Viruses 221AMV fo
Page 238 and 239: Seed Infection by Viruses 223REFERE
Page 240 and 241: Seed Infection by Viruses 225Hunter
Page 242: Seed Infection by Viruses 227Wolf,
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