Histopathology of Seed-Borne Infections - Applied Research Center ...

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Structure of Seeds 61Endosperm: Scanty, copious in Trigonella and Cyamopsis; cells in Trigonellaand Cyamposis thin-walled, mucilagenous.Seed coat in Arachis hypogaea is atypical for Faboideae, characteristic malpighiancells and hourglass cells are lacking and so are the special features of hilum.Seed coat of unlignified cells with cellulose thickenings, epidermis of short palisadeor squarish cells with thickenings on radial walls. Mesophyll and inner epidermisthin-walled enclosing vascular supply.Seed of bambarra groundnut (Vigna subterranean; syn. Vandezeia subterranea)has features similar to those of other Faboideae members.3.4.5 CUCURBITACEAE (FIGURE 3.8A TO F)(Singh, 1953; Singh, 1965, 1968; Singh and Dathan, 1972, 1973, 1974, 1990)External: Seeds medium to large, oval to ovate, ellipsoid or globose (Trichosanthesdioica); compressed or flattened, tumid or turgid, pointed or beaked at hilarend; white, pale or cream, brown to black, rarely red; smooth or sculptured with orwithout a distinct margin, winged in Luffa cylindrica; hilum inconspicuous; micropyleobliterated.Fresh seeds in Momordica and Trichosanthes enclosed in an envelope of placentalorigin (placental aril), usually red.Internal: Seed coat derived from outer integument only, generally consists offive identifiable zones: (1) seed epidermis, homocellular or heterocellular, cells large(epl) and small (eps), radially or horizontally enlarged; (2) hypodermis is a few tomany layered, thin- or thick-walled; when multilayered, it may be distinguished intotwo zones — outer zone of thin-walled cells and inner zone of thick-walled cells;in Luffa, cells of the innermost hypodermal layer are radially elongated, thick-walled,lignified and pitted; (3) main sclerenchymatous layer (e¢, the innermost derivativeof ovular epidermis), cells thick-walled lignified-macrosclereids (Luffa), oesteosclereids(Sicyos and Marah), or astrosclereids (Benincasa, Cucurbita, Cucumis,Citrullus, Trichosanthes, Lagenaria, and Momordica), (4) aerenchyma one or manylayered, cells stellate, thin-walled or weakly thick-walled, and (5) parenchyma orchlorenchyma, thin-walled cells with poor contents. The inner epidermis, which hassometimes been recognized as a distinct sixth zone, is indistinguishable from theadjacent cell layers.In mature seed, the outer three zones usually remain together while the innertwo zones — aerenchyma and parenchyma or chlorenchyma — detach from themain mechanical layer, forming two seed coats.Solitary seed in Sechium edule (chou-chou) is large, viviparous, seed coat leathery— cells of epidermis, hypodermis and the so-called main mechanical layerremain thin-walled and acquire abundant starch grains.Seed vascular supply traverses the inner layers in raphe and antiraphe, usuallyunbranched, branched and anastomising in Momordica, Trichosanthes, and Cyclanthera,three or more vascular bundles of ovary form ovular and seed supply inSechium and Sicyos.
62 Histopathology of Seed-Borne Infectionspalhgc pc endcotfutbrvbBchvbarprpraAcptbcotscendDpalhgcpcCepsperhsscF cot fib vbEGFIGURE 3.7 Seed structure in Fabaceae (Faboideae). A, Ls seed showing vascular supplyin Convalia. B, Ts part of seed coat in Glycine max. Note the palisade (macrosclereid) layer,hourglass cells (osteosclereids), and parenchyma zone in seed coat. C, D, Ts seed and seedcoat in Melilotus alba. Note the hilar organization consisting of palisade layer, counter palisadelayer, funicular remnants on outer side, and tracheid bar and spongy parenchyma on innerside. E to G, Arachis hypogaea. E, Diagram of fruit. F, Ts part of fruit. G, Ts seed coat. Notesimple epidermal cells and lack of hourglass cell layer. (Abbreviations: arp, anti-raphe; ch,chalaza; cot, cotyledon; cp, counter palisade; end, endosperm; eps, seed epidermis; fib, fiberzone; fu, funiculus; hgc, hourglass cells; hs, seed hypodermis; pal, palisade layer; pc, parenchymacells; per, pericarp; ra, rim aril; rp, raphe; rvb, recurrent vascular bundle; sc, seed coat;tb, tracheid bar; vb, vascular bundle.) (B, E to G, Redrawn from Vaughan, J.A. 1970. TheStructure and Utilization of Oil Seeds. Chapman & Hall, London; C, D, From Jha, S.S. andPandey, A.K. 1989. Phytomorphology 39: 273–285.)
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Histopathology ofSeed-Borne Infecti
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PrefaceThe book deals with only one
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The AuthorsDalbir Singh, Ph.D., for
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ContentsChapter 1 Introduction ....
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4.3.2 Routes for Infection from Ova
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8.4 Survival in Seed ..............
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2 Histopathology of Seed-Borne Infe
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4 Histopathology of Seed-Borne Infe
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2Reproductive Structuresand Seed Fo
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Reproductive Structures and Seed Fo
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Page 62 and 63: 3Structure of SeedsThe seed habit i
Page 64 and 65: Structure of Seeds 49(1971) of usin
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Page 68 and 69: Structure of Seeds 53dry seed of Ly
Page 70 and 71: Structure of Seeds 553.3.2 SEED COA
Page 72 and 73: Structure of Seeds 57Endosperm: One
Page 74 and 75: Structure of Seeds 59scendembepsmuA
Page 78 and 79: Structure of Seeds 63Chalaza simple
Page 80 and 81: Structure of Seeds 65stystypmerA Bc
Page 82 and 83: Structure of Seeds 67epsent endCADB
Page 84 and 85: Structure of Seeds 69perhscendembpe
Page 86 and 87: Structure of Seeds 71eposgepi′epo
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Page 90 and 91: Structure of Seeds 75Baker, D.M. an
Page 92 and 93: Structure of Seeds 77Maheshwari Dev
Page 94: Structure of Seeds 79Vries, M.A. de
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112 Histopathology of Seed-Borne In
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TABLE 5.6Location of Mycelium of St
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7Seed Infection by VirusesViruses a
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Seed Infection by Viruses 201TABLE
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Seed Infection by Viruses 205Unlike
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Seed Infection by Viruses 2073. The
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Seed Infection by Viruses 209Wilcox
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Seed Infection by Viruses 213floret
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Seed Infection by Viruses 215ptowvv
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Seed Infection by Viruses 2177.4.2
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Seed Infection by Viruses 219seed(s
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Seed Infection by Viruses 221AMV fo
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Seed Infection by Viruses 223REFERE
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Seed Infection by Viruses 225Hunter
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Seed Infection by Viruses 227Wolf,
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