Histopathology of Seed-Borne Infections - Applied Research Center ...

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Location of Fungal Hyphae in Seeds 125infestion seedsduring threshingfoliarinfection stagesecondary infectionwitting plantinfestionseedsplantinginfested seedsseedling infectionstageabovegroundinfectionsoilinfestationundergroundinfectionFIGURE 5.12 Disease cycle of seed-borne safflower rust, Puccinia calcitrapae var. centaureae(From Halfon-Meiri, A. 1983. Seed Sci. Technol. 11, 835–851. With permission.)5.5.4 DeuteromycetesDeuteromycetes or fungi imperfecti are very economically important because manyof them are the causes of serious plant diseases. It is generally assumed that thesefungi reproduce exclusively by asexual means. However, in recent years, sexual orperfect stages of several taxa have been discovered. It has been revealed that specieshaving similar conidial form may have a sexual form belonging to different genera.Species of Rhizoctonia are placed in the basidiomycetous genera Thanetophorusand Cerotobasidium, while those of Phoma are placed in the ascomycetous generaDidymella (Phoma lycopersici), Leptosphaeria (Phoma lingam), and Pleospora(Phoma betae). Furthermore, sexual or perfect stages of many species belonging tosuch form genera are still unknown. The literature also reveals that the imperfect orasexual form causes disease and is associated with seed. The Deuteromycetes aresubclassified into Hyphomycetes and Coelomycetes, and they are dealt with separately.Their location in seed is presented in Table 5.5.5.5.4.1 Hyphomycetesplanting rust-free seeds5.5.4.1.1 AlternariaPlant pathogenic species of Alternaria usually cause leaf spots and blights in variouscrop plants throughout the world. They are weak to serious pathogens, and a largenumber of them are seed-borne and seed-transmitted (Richardson, 1990). Many ofthe seed-borne Alternaria species cause deep infection in seed (Table 5.5). Themycelium is dark colored in Alternaria and moderate to heavy seed infections resultin symptomatic seeds.
126 Histopathology of Seed-Borne InfectionsA B CFIGURE 5.13 Puccinia calcitrapae var. centaureae on safflower seed surface. A, Infestedseed surface. B, Teleutospores (two-celled) and uredospores (one-celled). C, D, SEM photomicrographsof seed surface showing uredo- and teleutospores, respectively. (From Halfon-Meiri, A. 1983. Seed Sci. Technol. 11: 835–851. With permission.)D
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Histopathology ofSeed-Borne Infecti
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PrefaceThe book deals with only one
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The AuthorsDalbir Singh, Ph.D., for
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ContentsChapter 1 Introduction ....
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4.3.2 Routes for Infection from Ova
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8.4 Survival in Seed ..............
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2 Histopathology of Seed-Borne Infe
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4 Histopathology of Seed-Borne Infe
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2Reproductive Structuresand Seed Fo
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Reproductive Structures and Seed Fo
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14 Histopathology of Seed-Borne Inf
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3Structure of SeedsThe seed habit i
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Structure of Seeds 49(1971) of usin
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Structure of Seeds 51is found in as
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Structure of Seeds 53dry seed of Ly
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Structure of Seeds 553.3.2 SEED COA
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Structure of Seeds 57Endosperm: One
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Structure of Seeds 59scendembepsmuA
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Structure of Seeds 61Endosperm: Sca
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Structure of Seeds 63Chalaza simple
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Structure of Seeds 65stystypmerA Bc
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Structure of Seeds 67epsent endCADB
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Structure of Seeds 69perhscendembpe
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Structure of Seeds 71eposgepi′epo
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Structure of Seeds 73(Zea and Sorgh
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176 Histopathology of Seed-Borne In
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7Seed Infection by VirusesViruses a
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Seed Infection by Viruses 201TABLE
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Seed Infection by Viruses 205Unlike
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Seed Infection by Viruses 2073. The
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Seed Infection by Viruses 209Wilcox
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Seed Infection by Viruses 213floret
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Seed Infection by Viruses 215ptowvv
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Seed Infection by Viruses 2177.4.2
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Seed Infection by Viruses 219seed(s
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Seed Infection by Viruses 221AMV fo
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Seed Infection by Viruses 223REFERE
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Seed Infection by Viruses 225Hunter
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Seed Infection by Viruses 227Wolf,
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